Jan Dyer

African-Americans have the highest age-adjusted rates of obesity in the U.S. Now, an NIH study is offering clues to why that is.

Researchers from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), University of Lagos, University of Nigeria, Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, University of Ghana, and University of Maryland collaborated in a study and found about 1 % of West Africans, African-Americans, and others of African ancestry carry a genomic variant that increases their risk of obesity. People with the genomic differences were about 6 pounds heavier than those without the variant.

This is the first study to use a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to investigate the genomic basis of obesity in continental Africans. Most previous studies on obesity using a GWAS have examined people of European ancestry. Those studies would not have found the genomic variant for the African descendants  which is absent in Europeans and Asians. “We wanted to close this unacceptable gap in genomics research,” said Charles Rotimi, PhD, chief of NHGRI’s Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch and director of the NIH Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health.

“By studying people of West Africa, the ancestral home of most African-Americans, and replicating our results in a large group of African-Americans,” said Ayo Doumatey, PhD, study co-lead and CRGGH staff scientist, “we are providing new insights into biological pathways for obesity that have not been previously explored.”

African-Americans have the highest age-adjusted rates of obesity in the U.S. Now, an NIH study is offering clues to why that is.

Researchers from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), University of Lagos, University of Nigeria, Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, University of Ghana, and University of Maryland collaborated in a study and found about 1 % of West Africans, African-Americans, and others of African ancestry carry a genomic variant that increases their risk of obesity. People with the genomic differences were about 6 pounds heavier than those without the variant.

This is the first study to use a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to investigate the genomic basis of obesity in continental Africans. Most previous studies on obesity using a GWAS have examined people of European ancestry. Those studies would not have found the genomic variant for the African descendants  which is absent in Europeans and Asians. “We wanted to close this unacceptable gap in genomics research,” said Charles Rotimi, PhD, chief of NHGRI’s Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch and director of the NIH Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health.

“By studying people of West Africa, the ancestral home of most African-Americans, and replicating our results in a large group of African-Americans,” said Ayo Doumatey, PhD, study co-lead and CRGGH staff scientist, “we are providing new insights into biological pathways for obesity that have not been previously explored.”

African-Americans have the highest age-adjusted rates of obesity in the U.S. Now, an NIH study is offering clues to why that is.

Researchers from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), University of Lagos, University of Nigeria, Kwame Nkumrah University of Science and Technology, University of Ghana, and University of Maryland collaborated in a study and found about 1 % of West Africans, African-Americans, and others of African ancestry carry a genomic variant that increases their risk of obesity. People with the genomic differences were about 6 pounds heavier than those without the variant.

This is the first study to use a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to investigate the genomic basis of obesity in continental Africans. Most previous studies on obesity using a GWAS have examined people of European ancestry. Those studies would not have found the genomic variant for the African descendants  which is absent in Europeans and Asians. “We wanted to close this unacceptable gap in genomics research,” said Charles Rotimi, PhD, chief of NHGRI’s Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch and director of the NIH Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health.

“By studying people of West Africa, the ancestral home of most African-Americans, and replicating our results in a large group of African-Americans,” said Ayo Doumatey, PhD, study co-lead and CRGGH staff scientist, “we are providing new insights into biological pathways for obesity that have not been previously explored.”

A vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is entering a phase 1 safety and tolerability trial. The vaccine developed by scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is badly needed, according to Anthony Fauci, MD, director of NIAID. Although common and causing usually mild symptoms RSV infection also can lead to severe lower respiratory tract diseases, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, children, the elderly, and immune-compromised patients. Globally, RSV infections cause upwards of 250,000 deaths each year. “RSV is underappreciated as a major cause of illness and death,” Fauci said.  

The vaccine (DS-Cav1) will fill a void. Currently no vaccine is available to prevent RSV infection, and no drug is available to treat it. The monoclonal antibody palivizumab is approved for preventing lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in high-risk children, but is not approved for use in the general population.

The study, VRC 317, will enroll healthy adults aged 18 to 50. Participants will be assigned randomly to receive 2 injections 12 weeks apart with the investigational vaccine or the investigational vaccine with alum, a compound commonly added to vaccines to enhance the immune response.

Participants also will be randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 doses (50, 150, or 500 μg) at both time points. To start, 5 people will receive the 50-µg dose. If they experience no serious adverse reactions attributable to the vaccine the other participants will be vaccinated with the higher doses.

The participants will return for 12 clinic visits over 44 weeks  when researchers will conduct physical exams, collect blood samples, and test mucous samples to measure the immune response.

DS-Cav1 is the result of “years of research” at the Vaccine Research Center, the NIH says. Traditionally a vaccine is derived from a weakened or inactivated whole virus. By contrast, DS-Cav1 is a single, structurally engineered protein from the surface of RSV. Co-lead investigator Barney Graham, MD, PhD, deputy VRC director, says, “This work represents how new biological insights from basic research can lead to candidate vaccines for diseases of public health importance.”

A vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is entering a phase 1 safety and tolerability trial. The vaccine developed by scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is badly needed, according to Anthony Fauci, MD, director of NIAID. Although common and causing usually mild symptoms RSV infection also can lead to severe lower respiratory tract diseases, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, children, the elderly, and immune-compromised patients. Globally, RSV infections cause upwards of 250,000 deaths each year. “RSV is underappreciated as a major cause of illness and death,” Fauci said.  

The vaccine (DS-Cav1) will fill a void. Currently no vaccine is available to prevent RSV infection, and no drug is available to treat it. The monoclonal antibody palivizumab is approved for preventing lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in high-risk children, but is not approved for use in the general population.

The study, VRC 317, will enroll healthy adults aged 18 to 50. Participants will be assigned randomly to receive 2 injections 12 weeks apart with the investigational vaccine or the investigational vaccine with alum, a compound commonly added to vaccines to enhance the immune response.

Participants also will be randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 doses (50, 150, or 500 μg) at both time points. To start, 5 people will receive the 50-µg dose. If they experience no serious adverse reactions attributable to the vaccine the other participants will be vaccinated with the higher doses.

The participants will return for 12 clinic visits over 44 weeks  when researchers will conduct physical exams, collect blood samples, and test mucous samples to measure the immune response.

DS-Cav1 is the result of “years of research” at the Vaccine Research Center, the NIH says. Traditionally a vaccine is derived from a weakened or inactivated whole virus. By contrast, DS-Cav1 is a single, structurally engineered protein from the surface of RSV. Co-lead investigator Barney Graham, MD, PhD, deputy VRC director, says, “This work represents how new biological insights from basic research can lead to candidate vaccines for diseases of public health importance.”

A vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is entering a phase 1 safety and tolerability trial. The vaccine developed by scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is badly needed, according to Anthony Fauci, MD, director of NIAID. Although common and causing usually mild symptoms RSV infection also can lead to severe lower respiratory tract diseases, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, children, the elderly, and immune-compromised patients. Globally, RSV infections cause upwards of 250,000 deaths each year. “RSV is underappreciated as a major cause of illness and death,” Fauci said.  

The vaccine (DS-Cav1) will fill a void. Currently no vaccine is available to prevent RSV infection, and no drug is available to treat it. The monoclonal antibody palivizumab is approved for preventing lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in high-risk children, but is not approved for use in the general population.

The study, VRC 317, will enroll healthy adults aged 18 to 50. Participants will be assigned randomly to receive 2 injections 12 weeks apart with the investigational vaccine or the investigational vaccine with alum, a compound commonly added to vaccines to enhance the immune response.

Participants also will be randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 doses (50, 150, or 500 μg) at both time points. To start, 5 people will receive the 50-µg dose. If they experience no serious adverse reactions attributable to the vaccine the other participants will be vaccinated with the higher doses.

The participants will return for 12 clinic visits over 44 weeks  when researchers will conduct physical exams, collect blood samples, and test mucous samples to measure the immune response.

DS-Cav1 is the result of “years of research” at the Vaccine Research Center, the NIH says. Traditionally a vaccine is derived from a weakened or inactivated whole virus. By contrast, DS-Cav1 is a single, structurally engineered protein from the surface of RSV. Co-lead investigator Barney Graham, MD, PhD, deputy VRC director, says, “This work represents how new biological insights from basic research can lead to candidate vaccines for diseases of public health importance.”

Pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP)—just 1 pill every day—can reduce the risk HIV infection by > 90%. A recent study shows that > 40% of chlamydia infections and 42% of gonorrhea infections also could be prevented over the next decade if 40% of homosexual and bisexual men took PrEP for HIV and were tested and treated every 6 months.

The CDC estimates that nearly 500,000 men are at “substantial risk” for HIV infection and could benefit from PrEP. But recent evidence suggests that some men may use condoms less when they are taking PrEP. According to researchers from the CDC and The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, PrEP prevented some STIs even with a 40% reduction in condom use.

The CDC recommends testing patients who use PrEP for bacterial STIs at least once every 6 months even if they don’t have symptoms. The study found that increasing STI testing from twice a year to 4 times a year would not dramatically affect the prevention of chlamydia or gonorrhea.

PrEP’s effectiveness in preventing HIV is well documented, the CDC says. The new study shows the “potential impact” that following the CDC’s clinical guidelines for PrEP can have on preventing bacterial STIs as well. But about one third of primary health care providers had not heard of PrEP as recently as 2015, the CDC says. To address that need, the CDC has been leading education efforts targeting providers, offering the guidelines, step-by-step PrEP checklists, and interview guides, along with a hotline to answer providers’ questions about when and how to offer PrEP.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP)—just 1 pill every day—can reduce the risk HIV infection by > 90%. A recent study shows that > 40% of chlamydia infections and 42% of gonorrhea infections also could be prevented over the next decade if 40% of homosexual and bisexual men took PrEP for HIV and were tested and treated every 6 months.

The CDC estimates that nearly 500,000 men are at “substantial risk” for HIV infection and could benefit from PrEP. But recent evidence suggests that some men may use condoms less when they are taking PrEP. According to researchers from the CDC and The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, PrEP prevented some STIs even with a 40% reduction in condom use.

The CDC recommends testing patients who use PrEP for bacterial STIs at least once every 6 months even if they don’t have symptoms. The study found that increasing STI testing from twice a year to 4 times a year would not dramatically affect the prevention of chlamydia or gonorrhea.

PrEP’s effectiveness in preventing HIV is well documented, the CDC says. The new study shows the “potential impact” that following the CDC’s clinical guidelines for PrEP can have on preventing bacterial STIs as well. But about one third of primary health care providers had not heard of PrEP as recently as 2015, the CDC says. To address that need, the CDC has been leading education efforts targeting providers, offering the guidelines, step-by-step PrEP checklists, and interview guides, along with a hotline to answer providers’ questions about when and how to offer PrEP.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP)—just 1 pill every day—can reduce the risk HIV infection by > 90%. A recent study shows that > 40% of chlamydia infections and 42% of gonorrhea infections also could be prevented over the next decade if 40% of homosexual and bisexual men took PrEP for HIV and were tested and treated every 6 months.

The CDC estimates that nearly 500,000 men are at “substantial risk” for HIV infection and could benefit from PrEP. But recent evidence suggests that some men may use condoms less when they are taking PrEP. According to researchers from the CDC and The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, PrEP prevented some STIs even with a 40% reduction in condom use.

The CDC recommends testing patients who use PrEP for bacterial STIs at least once every 6 months even if they don’t have symptoms. The study found that increasing STI testing from twice a year to 4 times a year would not dramatically affect the prevention of chlamydia or gonorrhea.

PrEP’s effectiveness in preventing HIV is well documented, the CDC says. The new study shows the “potential impact” that following the CDC’s clinical guidelines for PrEP can have on preventing bacterial STIs as well. But about one third of primary health care providers had not heard of PrEP as recently as 2015, the CDC says. To address that need, the CDC has been leading education efforts targeting providers, offering the guidelines, step-by-step PrEP checklists, and interview guides, along with a hotline to answer providers’ questions about when and how to offer PrEP.

This should not come as much of a surprise, but health care made the top-5 list of occupations whose workers are getting too little sleep, according to a study by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers.

The researchers analyzed data from 179,621 working adults who responded to the 2013 or 2014 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System annual surveys. Among the 22 major occupation groups, health care support (40.1%) and health care practitioners and technical (40.0%) ranked second and third in “short sleep duration,” after production (42.9%). Among the occupational subgroups, nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides had a high adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration.

Workers in occupations where alternative shiftwork is common were more likely to have a higher adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration.  More than 35% of health care practitioners work shifts. Workers in other occupation groups such as teachers, farmers, or pilots, were more likely to report getting enough sleep.

Time at work also is on the rise in the US where workers have the longest annual working hours among workers in all wealthy industrialized countries, which reduces the time available for sleep, NIOSH says. The researchers point out that lack of sleep has been linked to negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression, as well as safety issues related to drowsy driving and injuries.

To help people get more sleep or improve the quality of the sleep they get, NIOSH offers training and resources about sleep, shiftwork, and fatigue for a variety of audiences including health care workers and emergency responders. Free downloadable materials are available at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/workschedules/education.html.

This should not come as much of a surprise, but health care made the top-5 list of occupations whose workers are getting too little sleep, according to a study by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers.

The researchers analyzed data from 179,621 working adults who responded to the 2013 or 2014 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System annual surveys. Among the 22 major occupation groups, health care support (40.1%) and health care practitioners and technical (40.0%) ranked second and third in “short sleep duration,” after production (42.9%). Among the occupational subgroups, nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides had a high adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration.

Workers in occupations where alternative shiftwork is common were more likely to have a higher adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration.  More than 35% of health care practitioners work shifts. Workers in other occupation groups such as teachers, farmers, or pilots, were more likely to report getting enough sleep.

Time at work also is on the rise in the US where workers have the longest annual working hours among workers in all wealthy industrialized countries, which reduces the time available for sleep, NIOSH says. The researchers point out that lack of sleep has been linked to negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression, as well as safety issues related to drowsy driving and injuries.

To help people get more sleep or improve the quality of the sleep they get, NIOSH offers training and resources about sleep, shiftwork, and fatigue for a variety of audiences including health care workers and emergency responders. Free downloadable materials are available at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/workschedules/education.html.

This should not come as much of a surprise, but health care made the top-5 list of occupations whose workers are getting too little sleep, according to a study by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers.

The researchers analyzed data from 179,621 working adults who responded to the 2013 or 2014 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System annual surveys. Among the 22 major occupation groups, health care support (40.1%) and health care practitioners and technical (40.0%) ranked second and third in “short sleep duration,” after production (42.9%). Among the occupational subgroups, nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides had a high adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration.

Workers in occupations where alternative shiftwork is common were more likely to have a higher adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration.  More than 35% of health care practitioners work shifts. Workers in other occupation groups such as teachers, farmers, or pilots, were more likely to report getting enough sleep.

Time at work also is on the rise in the US where workers have the longest annual working hours among workers in all wealthy industrialized countries, which reduces the time available for sleep, NIOSH says. The researchers point out that lack of sleep has been linked to negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression, as well as safety issues related to drowsy driving and injuries.

To help people get more sleep or improve the quality of the sleep they get, NIOSH offers training and resources about sleep, shiftwork, and fatigue for a variety of audiences including health care workers and emergency responders. Free downloadable materials are available at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/workschedules/education.html.

About 3.5 million U.S. adults are chronically infected with hepatitis C (HCV), and 80% of those are baby boomers. As many as 3 out of 4 infected people are not aware of it, according to the CDC, putting them at risk for liver disease, cancer, and death. And most baby boomers aren’t getting tested for the HCV virus.

Between 2013 (when the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a recommendation that all people born between 1945 and 1965 be tested) and 2015, the rate of testing among baby boomers rose only from 12.3% to 13.8%. About 10.5 million of the 76.2 million baby boomers have been tested for HCV, say American Cancer Society researchers who analyzed data from the CDC’s National Health Interview Survey.

Half of Americans identified as ever having had HCV received follow-up testing showing they were still infected, suggesting that even among those who receive an initial antibody test, half may not know for sure whether they still carry the virus.

“Hepatitis C has few noticeable symptoms,” says John Ward, MD, director of the CDC’s Viral Hepatitis Program, and left undiagnosed it threatens the health not only of the person with the virus, but those the disease might be transmitted to. Identifying those who are infected is important, he adds, because new treatments can cure the infection and eliminate the risk of transmission.

About 3.5 million U.S. adults are chronically infected with hepatitis C (HCV), and 80% of those are baby boomers. As many as 3 out of 4 infected people are not aware of it, according to the CDC, putting them at risk for liver disease, cancer, and death. And most baby boomers aren’t getting tested for the HCV virus.

Between 2013 (when the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a recommendation that all people born between 1945 and 1965 be tested) and 2015, the rate of testing among baby boomers rose only from 12.3% to 13.8%. About 10.5 million of the 76.2 million baby boomers have been tested for HCV, say American Cancer Society researchers who analyzed data from the CDC’s National Health Interview Survey.

Half of Americans identified as ever having had HCV received follow-up testing showing they were still infected, suggesting that even among those who receive an initial antibody test, half may not know for sure whether they still carry the virus.

“Hepatitis C has few noticeable symptoms,” says John Ward, MD, director of the CDC’s Viral Hepatitis Program, and left undiagnosed it threatens the health not only of the person with the virus, but those the disease might be transmitted to. Identifying those who are infected is important, he adds, because new treatments can cure the infection and eliminate the risk of transmission.

About 3.5 million U.S. adults are chronically infected with hepatitis C (HCV), and 80% of those are baby boomers. As many as 3 out of 4 infected people are not aware of it, according to the CDC, putting them at risk for liver disease, cancer, and death. And most baby boomers aren’t getting tested for the HCV virus.

Between 2013 (when the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a recommendation that all people born between 1945 and 1965 be tested) and 2015, the rate of testing among baby boomers rose only from 12.3% to 13.8%. About 10.5 million of the 76.2 million baby boomers have been tested for HCV, say American Cancer Society researchers who analyzed data from the CDC’s National Health Interview Survey.

Half of Americans identified as ever having had HCV received follow-up testing showing they were still infected, suggesting that even among those who receive an initial antibody test, half may not know for sure whether they still carry the virus.

“Hepatitis C has few noticeable symptoms,” says John Ward, MD, director of the CDC’s Viral Hepatitis Program, and left undiagnosed it threatens the health not only of the person with the virus, but those the disease might be transmitted to. Identifying those who are infected is important, he adds, because new treatments can cure the infection and eliminate the risk of transmission.

Ten IHS sites will take part in a new year-long pilot project to integrate trauma-informed care for children through a partnership between IHS, Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care, and Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health. “The quality of care for our youngest patients is important…” said Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, acting director of the IHS. The collaboration is designed to reduce the effects of childhood traumatic stress due to poverty, physical or sexual abuse, community and school violence, and neglect.

 The IHS and tribal pilot sites will receive virtual technical assistance through webinars, virtual learning communities, technical assistance calls, and metrics collection and analysis. IHS is working with the Pediatric Integrated Care Collaborative (PICC), part of the Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care. PICC works with national faculty, pediatric primary care providers, mental health professionals, and families to integrate behavioral and physical health services in Native communities.

The project uses a “learning collaborative” method in which newly learned processes are implemented and then evaluated to find out what works well and what does not and what changes might be needed. Staff are encouraged to test practical, sustainable approaches of integrating trauma/chronic stress prevention, detection, and early intervention into primary care for young children. Identified approaches may include providing primary and secondary prevention, screening for trauma-related problems, or treating trauma-related problems, the IHS says.

“We are honored to be able to work with a group of tribal communities and the IHS on trauma-informed integrated care,” said Lawrence Wissow, MD, professor, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. “[W]e know that the larger integrated care world will learn from solutions that incorporate Native American traditions of healing and collaboration.”

Ten IHS sites will take part in a new year-long pilot project to integrate trauma-informed care for children through a partnership between IHS, Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care, and Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health. “The quality of care for our youngest patients is important…” said Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, acting director of the IHS. The collaboration is designed to reduce the effects of childhood traumatic stress due to poverty, physical or sexual abuse, community and school violence, and neglect.

 The IHS and tribal pilot sites will receive virtual technical assistance through webinars, virtual learning communities, technical assistance calls, and metrics collection and analysis. IHS is working with the Pediatric Integrated Care Collaborative (PICC), part of the Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care. PICC works with national faculty, pediatric primary care providers, mental health professionals, and families to integrate behavioral and physical health services in Native communities.

The project uses a “learning collaborative” method in which newly learned processes are implemented and then evaluated to find out what works well and what does not and what changes might be needed. Staff are encouraged to test practical, sustainable approaches of integrating trauma/chronic stress prevention, detection, and early intervention into primary care for young children. Identified approaches may include providing primary and secondary prevention, screening for trauma-related problems, or treating trauma-related problems, the IHS says.

“We are honored to be able to work with a group of tribal communities and the IHS on trauma-informed integrated care,” said Lawrence Wissow, MD, professor, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. “[W]e know that the larger integrated care world will learn from solutions that incorporate Native American traditions of healing and collaboration.”

Ten IHS sites will take part in a new year-long pilot project to integrate trauma-informed care for children through a partnership between IHS, Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care, and Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health. “The quality of care for our youngest patients is important…” said Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, acting director of the IHS. The collaboration is designed to reduce the effects of childhood traumatic stress due to poverty, physical or sexual abuse, community and school violence, and neglect.

 The IHS and tribal pilot sites will receive virtual technical assistance through webinars, virtual learning communities, technical assistance calls, and metrics collection and analysis. IHS is working with the Pediatric Integrated Care Collaborative (PICC), part of the Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care. PICC works with national faculty, pediatric primary care providers, mental health professionals, and families to integrate behavioral and physical health services in Native communities.

The project uses a “learning collaborative” method in which newly learned processes are implemented and then evaluated to find out what works well and what does not and what changes might be needed. Staff are encouraged to test practical, sustainable approaches of integrating trauma/chronic stress prevention, detection, and early intervention into primary care for young children. Identified approaches may include providing primary and secondary prevention, screening for trauma-related problems, or treating trauma-related problems, the IHS says.

“We are honored to be able to work with a group of tribal communities and the IHS on trauma-informed integrated care,” said Lawrence Wissow, MD, professor, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. “[W]e know that the larger integrated care world will learn from solutions that incorporate Native American traditions of healing and collaboration.”

Studies have shown that African Americans have higher incidences of cancer than that of other racial/ethnic groups. They also are more likely to be diagnosed later and to die of the cancer. Compared with whites, African Americans have poorer survival rates for the 4 most common types of cancer (lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal). The ready-to-launch Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study, funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is “uniquely poised” to find out why, said Douglas Lowy, MD, acting director of NCI.

The largest such study to date will include 5,560 African American cancer survivors and 2,780 family members and will look at cancer progression, recurrence, mortality as well as quality of life for survivors and their families. The researchers will investigate the “myriad factors that may affect cancer survival,” including type of treatment, coexisting disease, genetics, social structure, support, neighborhood context, poverty, stress, racial discrimination, and literacy.

The participants are drawn from 3 counties around Detroit where about 21,000 people are diagnosed with cancer every year. The study also uses data from the Detroit area population-based cancer registry, part of NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Joanne Elena, PhD, MPH, scientific program director for the grant funding the study, calls it a “great example of an efficient use of an existing structure to rapidly recruit cancer survivors into research studies.”

The grant is for $9 million over 5 years. “Investigating the complex factors that lead to disparities in cancer among underserved populations should lead to a greater understanding of the social and biologic causes of such differences,” said Robert Croyle, PhD, director of NCI’s Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. “And our hope is that this knowledge will lead to better outcomes.”

Studies have shown that African Americans have higher incidences of cancer than that of other racial/ethnic groups. They also are more likely to be diagnosed later and to die of the cancer. Compared with whites, African Americans have poorer survival rates for the 4 most common types of cancer (lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal). The ready-to-launch Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study, funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is “uniquely poised” to find out why, said Douglas Lowy, MD, acting director of NCI.

The largest such study to date will include 5,560 African American cancer survivors and 2,780 family members and will look at cancer progression, recurrence, mortality as well as quality of life for survivors and their families. The researchers will investigate the “myriad factors that may affect cancer survival,” including type of treatment, coexisting disease, genetics, social structure, support, neighborhood context, poverty, stress, racial discrimination, and literacy.

The participants are drawn from 3 counties around Detroit where about 21,000 people are diagnosed with cancer every year. The study also uses data from the Detroit area population-based cancer registry, part of NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Joanne Elena, PhD, MPH, scientific program director for the grant funding the study, calls it a “great example of an efficient use of an existing structure to rapidly recruit cancer survivors into research studies.”

The grant is for $9 million over 5 years. “Investigating the complex factors that lead to disparities in cancer among underserved populations should lead to a greater understanding of the social and biologic causes of such differences,” said Robert Croyle, PhD, director of NCI’s Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. “And our hope is that this knowledge will lead to better outcomes.”

Studies have shown that African Americans have higher incidences of cancer than that of other racial/ethnic groups. They also are more likely to be diagnosed later and to die of the cancer. Compared with whites, African Americans have poorer survival rates for the 4 most common types of cancer (lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal). The ready-to-launch Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study, funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is “uniquely poised” to find out why, said Douglas Lowy, MD, acting director of NCI.

The largest such study to date will include 5,560 African American cancer survivors and 2,780 family members and will look at cancer progression, recurrence, mortality as well as quality of life for survivors and their families. The researchers will investigate the “myriad factors that may affect cancer survival,” including type of treatment, coexisting disease, genetics, social structure, support, neighborhood context, poverty, stress, racial discrimination, and literacy.

The participants are drawn from 3 counties around Detroit where about 21,000 people are diagnosed with cancer every year. The study also uses data from the Detroit area population-based cancer registry, part of NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Joanne Elena, PhD, MPH, scientific program director for the grant funding the study, calls it a “great example of an efficient use of an existing structure to rapidly recruit cancer survivors into research studies.”

The grant is for $9 million over 5 years. “Investigating the complex factors that lead to disparities in cancer among underserved populations should lead to a greater understanding of the social and biologic causes of such differences,” said Robert Croyle, PhD, director of NCI’s Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences. “And our hope is that this knowledge will lead to better outcomes.”

In 2015, the Texas Department of State Health Services was notified that a hospital telemetry unit nurse had been reusing saline flush prefilled syringes in patients’ IV lines. Mistakenly believing that it was safe and that she was saving the hospital money, she had been reusing syringes for 6 months.  This was not the hospital’s practice.

Because she had been putting patients at risk for bloodborne pathogens,  the state, regional, and local health departments with consultation from the CDC worked with the hospital to investigate. The hospital notified 392 patients, advising them of potential exposure and offering them free testing for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. A year after the exposure, 262 had completed initial screening and 182 had completed all recommended testing.

Two patients had newly diagnosed HBV and 2 had HCV. A patient with known preexisting chronic HCV infection had been hospitalized on the telemetry unit on the same day as one of the patients with newly diagnosed HCV. That second patient did not share overlapping days with any patient with known HCV infection, nor did the 2 with newly diagnosed HBV infection share with each other or any other patient with a known HBV infection. No epidemiologic evidence linked the patients with newly diagnosed infections to a potential source patient. But when specimens were tested, the results indicated transmission linkage between the patient with chronic HCV infection and one of the patients with newly diagnosed HCV infection.

Taken together, the CDC concluded, the findings indicated that at least 1 HCV infection was “likely transmitted” in the telemetry unit as a result of the inappropriate reuse and sharing of syringes. The investigation, the CDC adds, illustrates a need for ongoing education and oversight of health care providers regarding safe injection practices.

In 2015, the Texas Department of State Health Services was notified that a hospital telemetry unit nurse had been reusing saline flush prefilled syringes in patients’ IV lines. Mistakenly believing that it was safe and that she was saving the hospital money, she had been reusing syringes for 6 months.  This was not the hospital’s practice.

Because she had been putting patients at risk for bloodborne pathogens,  the state, regional, and local health departments with consultation from the CDC worked with the hospital to investigate. The hospital notified 392 patients, advising them of potential exposure and offering them free testing for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. A year after the exposure, 262 had completed initial screening and 182 had completed all recommended testing.

Two patients had newly diagnosed HBV and 2 had HCV. A patient with known preexisting chronic HCV infection had been hospitalized on the telemetry unit on the same day as one of the patients with newly diagnosed HCV. That second patient did not share overlapping days with any patient with known HCV infection, nor did the 2 with newly diagnosed HBV infection share with each other or any other patient with a known HBV infection. No epidemiologic evidence linked the patients with newly diagnosed infections to a potential source patient. But when specimens were tested, the results indicated transmission linkage between the patient with chronic HCV infection and one of the patients with newly diagnosed HCV infection.

Taken together, the CDC concluded, the findings indicated that at least 1 HCV infection was “likely transmitted” in the telemetry unit as a result of the inappropriate reuse and sharing of syringes. The investigation, the CDC adds, illustrates a need for ongoing education and oversight of health care providers regarding safe injection practices.

In 2015, the Texas Department of State Health Services was notified that a hospital telemetry unit nurse had been reusing saline flush prefilled syringes in patients’ IV lines. Mistakenly believing that it was safe and that she was saving the hospital money, she had been reusing syringes for 6 months.  This was not the hospital’s practice.

Because she had been putting patients at risk for bloodborne pathogens,  the state, regional, and local health departments with consultation from the CDC worked with the hospital to investigate. The hospital notified 392 patients, advising them of potential exposure and offering them free testing for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. A year after the exposure, 262 had completed initial screening and 182 had completed all recommended testing.

Two patients had newly diagnosed HBV and 2 had HCV. A patient with known preexisting chronic HCV infection had been hospitalized on the telemetry unit on the same day as one of the patients with newly diagnosed HCV. That second patient did not share overlapping days with any patient with known HCV infection, nor did the 2 with newly diagnosed HBV infection share with each other or any other patient with a known HBV infection. No epidemiologic evidence linked the patients with newly diagnosed infections to a potential source patient. But when specimens were tested, the results indicated transmission linkage between the patient with chronic HCV infection and one of the patients with newly diagnosed HCV infection.

Taken together, the CDC concluded, the findings indicated that at least 1 HCV infection was “likely transmitted” in the telemetry unit as a result of the inappropriate reuse and sharing of syringes. The investigation, the CDC adds, illustrates a need for ongoing education and oversight of health care providers regarding safe injection practices.

Veterans who were exposed to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune are now eligible for VA care and benefits if they have been diagnosed with any of 8 diseases: adult leukemia, aplastic anemia and other myelodysplastic syndromes, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Parkinson disease. The presumption of service connection regulations went into effect March 14.

The newly effective rule complements the health care already provided for 15 illnesses or conditions as part of the Honoring America’s Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012. The Camp Lejeune Act requires the VA to provide health care to veterans who served at Camp Lejeune and to reimburse family members or pay providers for medical expenses for those who lived there for ≥ 30 days between August 1, 1953, and December 31, 1987.

The act and new rule relate to 2 on-base water wells that were contaminated with trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, and other compounds. The wells were shut down in 1985.

The presumption of service connection applies to active-duty, reserve, and National Guard members. The presumption also includes all of Camp Lejeune, Marine Corps Air Station New River, as well as satellite camps and housing areas.

Veterans who were exposed to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune are now eligible for VA care and benefits if they have been diagnosed with any of 8 diseases: adult leukemia, aplastic anemia and other myelodysplastic syndromes, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Parkinson disease. The presumption of service connection regulations went into effect March 14.

The newly effective rule complements the health care already provided for 15 illnesses or conditions as part of the Honoring America’s Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012. The Camp Lejeune Act requires the VA to provide health care to veterans who served at Camp Lejeune and to reimburse family members or pay providers for medical expenses for those who lived there for ≥ 30 days between August 1, 1953, and December 31, 1987.

The act and new rule relate to 2 on-base water wells that were contaminated with trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, and other compounds. The wells were shut down in 1985.

The presumption of service connection applies to active-duty, reserve, and National Guard members. The presumption also includes all of Camp Lejeune, Marine Corps Air Station New River, as well as satellite camps and housing areas.

Veterans who were exposed to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune are now eligible for VA care and benefits if they have been diagnosed with any of 8 diseases: adult leukemia, aplastic anemia and other myelodysplastic syndromes, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Parkinson disease. The presumption of service connection regulations went into effect March 14.

The newly effective rule complements the health care already provided for 15 illnesses or conditions as part of the Honoring America’s Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012. The Camp Lejeune Act requires the VA to provide health care to veterans who served at Camp Lejeune and to reimburse family members or pay providers for medical expenses for those who lived there for ≥ 30 days between August 1, 1953, and December 31, 1987.

The act and new rule relate to 2 on-base water wells that were contaminated with trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, and other compounds. The wells were shut down in 1985.

The presumption of service connection applies to active-duty, reserve, and National Guard members. The presumption also includes all of Camp Lejeune, Marine Corps Air Station New River, as well as satellite camps and housing areas.

The VHA offers several preventive care programs to veterans who are at high risk for various chronic illnesses: For instance, 20% of veterans smoke, and > 70% of VHA patients are overweight.

Although those programs are well supported and have strong evidence for effectiveness, they’re underused, say researchers from Durham VAMC and Duke University in North Carolina, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System in Michigan, and VA Salt Lake City Center for Informatics Decision Enhancement and Surveillance and University of Utah. The VHA’s MOVE! Program produced significant weight loss among participants—the only problem was that < 10% of eligible veterans actually joined.

The researchers conducted the ACTIVATE trial, which involved a web-based health risk assessment (HRA) coupled with a health coaching intervention to link veterans to a local prevention program. In the study, veterans completed an online HRA. The researchers then tested whether 2 telephone-based coaching sessions were more effective in getting the veterans to enroll in prevention programs than did completing the HRA.

The coaching was not designed to change behavior but specifically aimed at helping veterans set a “first step” goal by choosing a program to enroll in that aligned with their values and preferences as well as risk factors highlighted by their HRA surveys.

The results aren’t in, but the researchers expect their findings to help the VHA implement its plan to engage veterans in preventive health care. Their “robustly designed trial,” they say, “will add valuable knowledge at a critical time when VHA and other health systems are working to understand how to effectively incorporate HRA findings into the busy clinic flow of primary care.”

The VHA offers several preventive care programs to veterans who are at high risk for various chronic illnesses: For instance, 20% of veterans smoke, and > 70% of VHA patients are overweight.

Although those programs are well supported and have strong evidence for effectiveness, they’re underused, say researchers from Durham VAMC and Duke University in North Carolina, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System in Michigan, and VA Salt Lake City Center for Informatics Decision Enhancement and Surveillance and University of Utah. The VHA’s MOVE! Program produced significant weight loss among participants—the only problem was that < 10% of eligible veterans actually joined.

The researchers conducted the ACTIVATE trial, which involved a web-based health risk assessment (HRA) coupled with a health coaching intervention to link veterans to a local prevention program. In the study, veterans completed an online HRA. The researchers then tested whether 2 telephone-based coaching sessions were more effective in getting the veterans to enroll in prevention programs than did completing the HRA.

The coaching was not designed to change behavior but specifically aimed at helping veterans set a “first step” goal by choosing a program to enroll in that aligned with their values and preferences as well as risk factors highlighted by their HRA surveys.

The results aren’t in, but the researchers expect their findings to help the VHA implement its plan to engage veterans in preventive health care. Their “robustly designed trial,” they say, “will add valuable knowledge at a critical time when VHA and other health systems are working to understand how to effectively incorporate HRA findings into the busy clinic flow of primary care.”

The VHA offers several preventive care programs to veterans who are at high risk for various chronic illnesses: For instance, 20% of veterans smoke, and > 70% of VHA patients are overweight.

Although those programs are well supported and have strong evidence for effectiveness, they’re underused, say researchers from Durham VAMC and Duke University in North Carolina, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System in Michigan, and VA Salt Lake City Center for Informatics Decision Enhancement and Surveillance and University of Utah. The VHA’s MOVE! Program produced significant weight loss among participants—the only problem was that < 10% of eligible veterans actually joined.

The researchers conducted the ACTIVATE trial, which involved a web-based health risk assessment (HRA) coupled with a health coaching intervention to link veterans to a local prevention program. In the study, veterans completed an online HRA. The researchers then tested whether 2 telephone-based coaching sessions were more effective in getting the veterans to enroll in prevention programs than did completing the HRA.

The coaching was not designed to change behavior but specifically aimed at helping veterans set a “first step” goal by choosing a program to enroll in that aligned with their values and preferences as well as risk factors highlighted by their HRA surveys.

The results aren’t in, but the researchers expect their findings to help the VHA implement its plan to engage veterans in preventive health care. Their “robustly designed trial,” they say, “will add valuable knowledge at a critical time when VHA and other health systems are working to understand how to effectively incorporate HRA findings into the busy clinic flow of primary care.”