Randy Dotinga

LAS VEGAS – Immunosuppressant thiopurine drugs are a common and often successful treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but they can cause serious side effects via myelosuppression. Now, a new study suggests that a racial gap may prevent minority patients from being promptly diagnosed with myelosuppressive side effects.

“We found that minority IBD patients – black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander – had significantly higher hospitalization rates that were due to myelosuppressive events compared to white IBD patients,” lead author Ryan Suk, MS, said in an interview. “Among those IBD patients who were hospitalized due to myelosuppression, black and Hispanic IBD patients had a significantly higher chance of getting admitted as urgent compared to white IBD patients.”

Ms. Suk, a health economics graduate student at the University of Texas, Houston, spoke in an interview prior to the presentation of her study’s findings at the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress - a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

According to Ms. Suk, multiple studies have previously revealed racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and use by minority patients with IBD.

She pointed to a 2010 study that found black patients with IBD were much less likely than whites were to see a gastroenterologist or IBD specialist at least once a year. She also cited a 2009 study that found black patients with IBD were significantly less adherent than were white patients; researchers linked older age and higher trust in physicians to higher levels of adherence (Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;105[10]:2202-8; Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Aug;15[8]:1233-9).

In light of these findings, she said, “we questioned what the possible results of thiopurine use could be in minority patients without proper and consistent routine IBD care.”

While thiopurine is considered a standard form of care for IBD patients, Ms. Suk said an estimated one-third of patients must stop the treatment because of side effects such as anemia, leukopenia/neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

For the new study, Ms. Suk and her colleagues tracked patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of IBD or IBD-related complications from 2003-2014 via the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. There were 249,253 white patients, 192,864 black patients, 28,956 Hispanic patients, 17,073 Asian/Pacific Islander patients, and 2,849 patients in the “other” category.

The researchers found higher odds of hospitalization for myelosuppression in minorities compared with non-Hispanic whites: Non-Hispanic blacks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [1.2-1.4], vs. whites), Hispanics (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.4-1.7], vs. whites), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI [1.9-2.8], vs. whites).

The researchers found that among patients diagnosed with myelosuppression, two groups – non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics – had higher odds of being admitted urgently, compared with non-Hispanic whites (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2-2.3] and aOR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.1-2.2] vs. whites, respectively).

“Unlike Asian/Pacific Islander patients, black and Hispanic patients had a higher likelihood of getting hospitalized from myelosuppression and also higher likelihood to get admitted urgently compared to the white cohort,” Ms. Suk said. “It is possible that they have less access to thiopurine management and monitoring, leading to developing more severe adverse events and therefore having urgent myelosuppressive hospitalizations.”

As for Asian/Pacific Islander patients, she noted that they had the highest likelihood of myelosuppression hospitalization but did not have the highest chance of getting admitted as urgent. “We think that Asians have a higher risk of myelosuppression due to genetic factors, not from less access to care, and thus they had more elective hospitalizations,” she said.

The researchers also linked Medicaid, self-pay, and no-charge patients to higher levels of myelosuppression hospitalizations. “This shows that patients who have less access to care [need more] urgent admission from myelosuppressive events,” Ms. Suk said.

No funding was reported, and the study authors had no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Suk R et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P059.

LAS VEGAS – Immunosuppressant thiopurine drugs are a common and often successful treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but they can cause serious side effects via myelosuppression. Now, a new study suggests that a racial gap may prevent minority patients from being promptly diagnosed with myelosuppressive side effects.

“We found that minority IBD patients – black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander – had significantly higher hospitalization rates that were due to myelosuppressive events compared to white IBD patients,” lead author Ryan Suk, MS, said in an interview. “Among those IBD patients who were hospitalized due to myelosuppression, black and Hispanic IBD patients had a significantly higher chance of getting admitted as urgent compared to white IBD patients.”

Ms. Suk, a health economics graduate student at the University of Texas, Houston, spoke in an interview prior to the presentation of her study’s findings at the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress - a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

According to Ms. Suk, multiple studies have previously revealed racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and use by minority patients with IBD.

She pointed to a 2010 study that found black patients with IBD were much less likely than whites were to see a gastroenterologist or IBD specialist at least once a year. She also cited a 2009 study that found black patients with IBD were significantly less adherent than were white patients; researchers linked older age and higher trust in physicians to higher levels of adherence (Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;105[10]:2202-8; Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Aug;15[8]:1233-9).

In light of these findings, she said, “we questioned what the possible results of thiopurine use could be in minority patients without proper and consistent routine IBD care.”

While thiopurine is considered a standard form of care for IBD patients, Ms. Suk said an estimated one-third of patients must stop the treatment because of side effects such as anemia, leukopenia/neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

For the new study, Ms. Suk and her colleagues tracked patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of IBD or IBD-related complications from 2003-2014 via the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. There were 249,253 white patients, 192,864 black patients, 28,956 Hispanic patients, 17,073 Asian/Pacific Islander patients, and 2,849 patients in the “other” category.

The researchers found higher odds of hospitalization for myelosuppression in minorities compared with non-Hispanic whites: Non-Hispanic blacks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [1.2-1.4], vs. whites), Hispanics (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.4-1.7], vs. whites), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI [1.9-2.8], vs. whites).

The researchers found that among patients diagnosed with myelosuppression, two groups – non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics – had higher odds of being admitted urgently, compared with non-Hispanic whites (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2-2.3] and aOR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.1-2.2] vs. whites, respectively).

“Unlike Asian/Pacific Islander patients, black and Hispanic patients had a higher likelihood of getting hospitalized from myelosuppression and also higher likelihood to get admitted urgently compared to the white cohort,” Ms. Suk said. “It is possible that they have less access to thiopurine management and monitoring, leading to developing more severe adverse events and therefore having urgent myelosuppressive hospitalizations.”

As for Asian/Pacific Islander patients, she noted that they had the highest likelihood of myelosuppression hospitalization but did not have the highest chance of getting admitted as urgent. “We think that Asians have a higher risk of myelosuppression due to genetic factors, not from less access to care, and thus they had more elective hospitalizations,” she said.

The researchers also linked Medicaid, self-pay, and no-charge patients to higher levels of myelosuppression hospitalizations. “This shows that patients who have less access to care [need more] urgent admission from myelosuppressive events,” Ms. Suk said.

No funding was reported, and the study authors had no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Suk R et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P059.

LAS VEGAS – Immunosuppressant thiopurine drugs are a common and often successful treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but they can cause serious side effects via myelosuppression. Now, a new study suggests that a racial gap may prevent minority patients from being promptly diagnosed with myelosuppressive side effects.

“We found that minority IBD patients – black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander – had significantly higher hospitalization rates that were due to myelosuppressive events compared to white IBD patients,” lead author Ryan Suk, MS, said in an interview. “Among those IBD patients who were hospitalized due to myelosuppression, black and Hispanic IBD patients had a significantly higher chance of getting admitted as urgent compared to white IBD patients.”

Ms. Suk, a health economics graduate student at the University of Texas, Houston, spoke in an interview prior to the presentation of her study’s findings at the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress - a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

According to Ms. Suk, multiple studies have previously revealed racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and use by minority patients with IBD.

She pointed to a 2010 study that found black patients with IBD were much less likely than whites were to see a gastroenterologist or IBD specialist at least once a year. She also cited a 2009 study that found black patients with IBD were significantly less adherent than were white patients; researchers linked older age and higher trust in physicians to higher levels of adherence (Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;105[10]:2202-8; Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Aug;15[8]:1233-9).

In light of these findings, she said, “we questioned what the possible results of thiopurine use could be in minority patients without proper and consistent routine IBD care.”

While thiopurine is considered a standard form of care for IBD patients, Ms. Suk said an estimated one-third of patients must stop the treatment because of side effects such as anemia, leukopenia/neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

For the new study, Ms. Suk and her colleagues tracked patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of IBD or IBD-related complications from 2003-2014 via the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. There were 249,253 white patients, 192,864 black patients, 28,956 Hispanic patients, 17,073 Asian/Pacific Islander patients, and 2,849 patients in the “other” category.

The researchers found higher odds of hospitalization for myelosuppression in minorities compared with non-Hispanic whites: Non-Hispanic blacks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [1.2-1.4], vs. whites), Hispanics (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.4-1.7], vs. whites), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI [1.9-2.8], vs. whites).

The researchers found that among patients diagnosed with myelosuppression, two groups – non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics – had higher odds of being admitted urgently, compared with non-Hispanic whites (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2-2.3] and aOR = 1.6; 95% CI [1.1-2.2] vs. whites, respectively).

“Unlike Asian/Pacific Islander patients, black and Hispanic patients had a higher likelihood of getting hospitalized from myelosuppression and also higher likelihood to get admitted urgently compared to the white cohort,” Ms. Suk said. “It is possible that they have less access to thiopurine management and monitoring, leading to developing more severe adverse events and therefore having urgent myelosuppressive hospitalizations.”

As for Asian/Pacific Islander patients, she noted that they had the highest likelihood of myelosuppression hospitalization but did not have the highest chance of getting admitted as urgent. “We think that Asians have a higher risk of myelosuppression due to genetic factors, not from less access to care, and thus they had more elective hospitalizations,” she said.

The researchers also linked Medicaid, self-pay, and no-charge patients to higher levels of myelosuppression hospitalizations. “This shows that patients who have less access to care [need more] urgent admission from myelosuppressive events,” Ms. Suk said.

No funding was reported, and the study authors had no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Suk R et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P059.

LAS VEGAS – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt both fertility and pregnancy, especially if it’s not fully controlled, and there’s a risk that the condition can be passed onto an unborn child. Still a new study suggests many patients with IBD don’t receive appropriate reproductive counseling.

Nearly two-thirds of 100 patients surveyed at a single center reported that no physician had talked to them about reproductive topics, and some said they’d considered not having children because of the condition. “Really fundamental subjects have not made their way into the interactions between patients and their care teams,” coauthor and gastroenterologist Sarah Streett, MD, AGAF, of Stanford (Calif.) University, said in an interview before the study was presented at the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress - a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

IBD can lower fertility in both sexes and boost complications in pregnancy. “The good news is that almost all the medications used for IBD appear safe,” Dr. Streett said. “In fact, the safety risks for the baby and the pregnancy revolve around not having IBD under good control.”

Unfortunately, she said, misinformation is common. “Patients who become pregnant or are trying to become pregnant, and are worried about potential harm to the baby, will stop the medications due to incorrect information. Or they’ll be told by their health care team to stop their medications.”

Dr. Streett and study lead author Aarti Rao, MD, a gastroenterology fellow at Stanford, launched their study of IBD clinic patients to gain more understanding about patient knowledge. “We know from research already published that those with IBD have a lot of concerns about starting families and don’t have a lot of information to base their decision making on,” Dr. Streett said. “We wanted to evaluate that in our population and see how much people knew and what the need was.”

In 2018 and 2019, Dr. Streett and Dr. Rao gave an anonymous, validated 17-question survey to patients aged 18-45 with IBD. One hundred patients responded (median age = 30, 54% female, 59% white, 66% with incomes over $100,000, 52% with ulcerative colitis, 21% with prior IBD surgery, 71% with prior IBD hospitalization).

©Stuart Jenner/Thinkstock

With proper planning, care and coordination among treating health care providers via a multidisciplinary approach, women with IBD can have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. Learn more at www.IBDParenthoodProject.org. 

SOURCE: Rao A et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P009.

LAS VEGAS – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt both fertility and pregnancy, especially if it’s not fully controlled, and there’s a risk that the condition can be passed onto an unborn child. Still a new study suggests many patients with IBD don’t receive appropriate reproductive counseling.

Nearly two-thirds of 100 patients surveyed at a single center reported that no physician had talked to them about reproductive topics, and some said they’d considered not having children because of the condition. “Really fundamental subjects have not made their way into the interactions between patients and their care teams,” coauthor and gastroenterologist Sarah Streett, MD, AGAF, of Stanford (Calif.) University, said in an interview before the study was presented at the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress - a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

IBD can lower fertility in both sexes and boost complications in pregnancy. “The good news is that almost all the medications used for IBD appear safe,” Dr. Streett said. “In fact, the safety risks for the baby and the pregnancy revolve around not having IBD under good control.”

Unfortunately, she said, misinformation is common. “Patients who become pregnant or are trying to become pregnant, and are worried about potential harm to the baby, will stop the medications due to incorrect information. Or they’ll be told by their health care team to stop their medications.”

Dr. Streett and study lead author Aarti Rao, MD, a gastroenterology fellow at Stanford, launched their study of IBD clinic patients to gain more understanding about patient knowledge. “We know from research already published that those with IBD have a lot of concerns about starting families and don’t have a lot of information to base their decision making on,” Dr. Streett said. “We wanted to evaluate that in our population and see how much people knew and what the need was.”

In 2018 and 2019, Dr. Streett and Dr. Rao gave an anonymous, validated 17-question survey to patients aged 18-45 with IBD. One hundred patients responded (median age = 30, 54% female, 59% white, 66% with incomes over $100,000, 52% with ulcerative colitis, 21% with prior IBD surgery, 71% with prior IBD hospitalization).

©Stuart Jenner/Thinkstock

With proper planning, care and coordination among treating health care providers via a multidisciplinary approach, women with IBD can have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. Learn more at www.IBDParenthoodProject.org. 

SOURCE: Rao A et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P009.

LAS VEGAS – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt both fertility and pregnancy, especially if it’s not fully controlled, and there’s a risk that the condition can be passed onto an unborn child. Still a new study suggests many patients with IBD don’t receive appropriate reproductive counseling.

Nearly two-thirds of 100 patients surveyed at a single center reported that no physician had talked to them about reproductive topics, and some said they’d considered not having children because of the condition. “Really fundamental subjects have not made their way into the interactions between patients and their care teams,” coauthor and gastroenterologist Sarah Streett, MD, AGAF, of Stanford (Calif.) University, said in an interview before the study was presented at the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress - a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

IBD can lower fertility in both sexes and boost complications in pregnancy. “The good news is that almost all the medications used for IBD appear safe,” Dr. Streett said. “In fact, the safety risks for the baby and the pregnancy revolve around not having IBD under good control.”

Unfortunately, she said, misinformation is common. “Patients who become pregnant or are trying to become pregnant, and are worried about potential harm to the baby, will stop the medications due to incorrect information. Or they’ll be told by their health care team to stop their medications.”

Dr. Streett and study lead author Aarti Rao, MD, a gastroenterology fellow at Stanford, launched their study of IBD clinic patients to gain more understanding about patient knowledge. “We know from research already published that those with IBD have a lot of concerns about starting families and don’t have a lot of information to base their decision making on,” Dr. Streett said. “We wanted to evaluate that in our population and see how much people knew and what the need was.”

In 2018 and 2019, Dr. Streett and Dr. Rao gave an anonymous, validated 17-question survey to patients aged 18-45 with IBD. One hundred patients responded (median age = 30, 54% female, 59% white, 66% with incomes over $100,000, 52% with ulcerative colitis, 21% with prior IBD surgery, 71% with prior IBD hospitalization).

©Stuart Jenner/Thinkstock

With proper planning, care and coordination among treating health care providers via a multidisciplinary approach, women with IBD can have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. Learn more at www.IBDParenthoodProject.org. 

SOURCE: Rao A et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P009.

LAS VEGAS – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt both fertility and pregnancy, especially if it’s not fully controlled, and there’s a risk that the condition can be passed onto an unborn child. Still a new study suggests many patients with IBD don’t receive appropriate reproductive counseling.

Nearly two-thirds of 100 patients surveyed at a single center reported that no physician had talked to them about reproductive topics, and some said they’d considered not having children because of the condition. “Really fundamental subjects have not made their way into the interactions between patients and their care teams,” coauthor and gastroenterologist Sarah Streett, MD, AGAF, of Stanford (Calif.) University, said in an interview before the study was presented at the annual congress of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

IBD can lower fertility in both sexes and boost complications in pregnancy. “The good news is that almost all the medications used for IBD appear safe,” Dr. Streett said. “In fact, the safety risks for the baby and the pregnancy revolve around not having IBD under good control.”

Unfortunately, she said, misinformation is common. “Patients who become pregnant or are trying to become pregnant, and are worried about potential harm to the baby, will stop the medications due to incorrect information. Or they’ll be told by their health care team to stop their medications.”

Dr. Streett and study lead author Aarti Rao, MD, a gastroenterology fellow at Stanford, launched their study of IBD clinic patients to gain more understanding about patient knowledge. “We know from research already published that those with IBD have a lot of concerns about starting families and don’t have a lot of information to base their decision making on,” Dr. Streett said. “We wanted to evaluate that in our population and see how much people knew and what the need was.”

In 2018 and 2019, Dr. Streett and Dr. Rao gave an anonymous, validated 17-question survey to patients aged 18-45 with IBD. One hundred patients responded (median age = 30, 54% female, 59% white, 66% with incomes over $100,000, 52% with ulcerative colitis, 21% with prior IBD surgery, 71% with prior IBD hospitalization).

Just over a third – 35% – of the patients said they’d been counseled about reproductive health by a physician. This finding reflects findings in previous research, said Dr. Rao, who spoke in an interview.

Just 15% of those who’d undergone IBD surgery reported getting guidance about the effects of surgery on fertility.

More than a third (35%) of women and 15% of men said they’d considered not having children because of their IBD. In fact, “most potential dads and moms have the chance to do very well,” Dr. Streett said.

Without reproductive counseling, she added, parents won’t know about the risks of passing on IBD. According to Dr. Rao, there’s an estimated less than 5% chance that IBD will be passed on to children if one parent has the condition; the risk is much higher if both parents have it.

Going forward, “there’s a really urgent need for proactive counseling on the part of gastroenterologists and health care teams to give people of childbearing age the right information so they can be informed to make the best decisions,” Dr. Streett said.

The study was funded by a philanthropic grant. The study authors report no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Rao A et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P009.

LAS VEGAS – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt both fertility and pregnancy, especially if it’s not fully controlled, and there’s a risk that the condition can be passed onto an unborn child. Still a new study suggests many patients with IBD don’t receive appropriate reproductive counseling.

Nearly two-thirds of 100 patients surveyed at a single center reported that no physician had talked to them about reproductive topics, and some said they’d considered not having children because of the condition. “Really fundamental subjects have not made their way into the interactions between patients and their care teams,” coauthor and gastroenterologist Sarah Streett, MD, AGAF, of Stanford (Calif.) University, said in an interview before the study was presented at the annual congress of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

IBD can lower fertility in both sexes and boost complications in pregnancy. “The good news is that almost all the medications used for IBD appear safe,” Dr. Streett said. “In fact, the safety risks for the baby and the pregnancy revolve around not having IBD under good control.”

Unfortunately, she said, misinformation is common. “Patients who become pregnant or are trying to become pregnant, and are worried about potential harm to the baby, will stop the medications due to incorrect information. Or they’ll be told by their health care team to stop their medications.”

Dr. Streett and study lead author Aarti Rao, MD, a gastroenterology fellow at Stanford, launched their study of IBD clinic patients to gain more understanding about patient knowledge. “We know from research already published that those with IBD have a lot of concerns about starting families and don’t have a lot of information to base their decision making on,” Dr. Streett said. “We wanted to evaluate that in our population and see how much people knew and what the need was.”

In 2018 and 2019, Dr. Streett and Dr. Rao gave an anonymous, validated 17-question survey to patients aged 18-45 with IBD. One hundred patients responded (median age = 30, 54% female, 59% white, 66% with incomes over $100,000, 52% with ulcerative colitis, 21% with prior IBD surgery, 71% with prior IBD hospitalization).

Just over a third – 35% – of the patients said they’d been counseled about reproductive health by a physician. This finding reflects findings in previous research, said Dr. Rao, who spoke in an interview.

Just 15% of those who’d undergone IBD surgery reported getting guidance about the effects of surgery on fertility.

More than a third (35%) of women and 15% of men said they’d considered not having children because of their IBD. In fact, “most potential dads and moms have the chance to do very well,” Dr. Streett said.

Without reproductive counseling, she added, parents won’t know about the risks of passing on IBD. According to Dr. Rao, there’s an estimated less than 5% chance that IBD will be passed on to children if one parent has the condition; the risk is much higher if both parents have it.

Going forward, “there’s a really urgent need for proactive counseling on the part of gastroenterologists and health care teams to give people of childbearing age the right information so they can be informed to make the best decisions,” Dr. Streett said.

The study was funded by a philanthropic grant. The study authors report no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Rao A et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P009.

LAS VEGAS – Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can disrupt both fertility and pregnancy, especially if it’s not fully controlled, and there’s a risk that the condition can be passed onto an unborn child. Still a new study suggests many patients with IBD don’t receive appropriate reproductive counseling.

Nearly two-thirds of 100 patients surveyed at a single center reported that no physician had talked to them about reproductive topics, and some said they’d considered not having children because of the condition. “Really fundamental subjects have not made their way into the interactions between patients and their care teams,” coauthor and gastroenterologist Sarah Streett, MD, AGAF, of Stanford (Calif.) University, said in an interview before the study was presented at the annual congress of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

IBD can lower fertility in both sexes and boost complications in pregnancy. “The good news is that almost all the medications used for IBD appear safe,” Dr. Streett said. “In fact, the safety risks for the baby and the pregnancy revolve around not having IBD under good control.”

Unfortunately, she said, misinformation is common. “Patients who become pregnant or are trying to become pregnant, and are worried about potential harm to the baby, will stop the medications due to incorrect information. Or they’ll be told by their health care team to stop their medications.”

Dr. Streett and study lead author Aarti Rao, MD, a gastroenterology fellow at Stanford, launched their study of IBD clinic patients to gain more understanding about patient knowledge. “We know from research already published that those with IBD have a lot of concerns about starting families and don’t have a lot of information to base their decision making on,” Dr. Streett said. “We wanted to evaluate that in our population and see how much people knew and what the need was.”

In 2018 and 2019, Dr. Streett and Dr. Rao gave an anonymous, validated 17-question survey to patients aged 18-45 with IBD. One hundred patients responded (median age = 30, 54% female, 59% white, 66% with incomes over $100,000, 52% with ulcerative colitis, 21% with prior IBD surgery, 71% with prior IBD hospitalization).

Just over a third – 35% – of the patients said they’d been counseled about reproductive health by a physician. This finding reflects findings in previous research, said Dr. Rao, who spoke in an interview.

Just 15% of those who’d undergone IBD surgery reported getting guidance about the effects of surgery on fertility.

More than a third (35%) of women and 15% of men said they’d considered not having children because of their IBD. In fact, “most potential dads and moms have the chance to do very well,” Dr. Streett said.

Without reproductive counseling, she added, parents won’t know about the risks of passing on IBD. According to Dr. Rao, there’s an estimated less than 5% chance that IBD will be passed on to children if one parent has the condition; the risk is much higher if both parents have it.

Going forward, “there’s a really urgent need for proactive counseling on the part of gastroenterologists and health care teams to give people of childbearing age the right information so they can be informed to make the best decisions,” Dr. Streett said.

The study was funded by a philanthropic grant. The study authors report no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Rao A et al. Crohn’s & Colitis Congress, Abstract P009.

LAS VEGAS – Herpes zoster infection could pose a special risk for younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are on immunosuppressant or biologic therapies, a new study suggests.

About 3% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients developed herpes zoster (HZ) over a 5-year period at a single center, researchers found, and their average age was 37 years. The mean national age of HZ diagnosis is 59 years, and the latest guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not recommend that people get vaccinated against HZ, or shingles, until age 50.

“Increased efforts should be made to administer herpes zoster vaccine in all eligible IBD patients, and there should be additional research focused on determining whether IBD patients under 50 years old, especially those on immunosuppressants or biologic therapy, would benefit from herpes zoster vaccination,” said gastroenterologist and study coauthor Marie L. Borum, MD, MPH, of George Washington University, Washington. She spoke in an interview before presenting the study findings at the the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress – a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

Dr. Borum and her associates launched the study, published in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, after noticing an increase in HZ cases among patients with IBD. The authors retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of all patients with IBD who were treated at a single center from 2012 to 2017 (n = 393; 55% female; average age, 44 years). Nearly all had ulcerative colitis (71%) or Crohn’s disease (24%).

Over the 5-year period, 11 patients – 5 with ulcerative colitis, 5 with Crohn’s disease, and 1 patient with unspecified colitis – were diagnosed with HZ. All were taking immunosuppressant or biologic medications, and none had been vaccinated against HZ.

The difference in the average age of diagnosis of the infected patients versus the national mean age (37 years vs. 59 years) was statistically significant (P less than .0001).

The IBD patients with HZ often had postherpetic neuralgia, Dr. Borum said.

Previous studies also have linked IBD to higher rates of HZ. A 2018 retrospective study of veterans found that “the incidence rates of herpes zoster in all age groups and all IBD medication subgroups were substantially higher than that in the oldest group of patients without IBD [older than 60 years]” (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Dec;16[12]:1919-27).

In 2017, researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison received a grant to study immunity to the varicella zoster virus in patients with IBD. A university press release said the results “could support recommendations for universal herpes zoster immunization for all IBD patients above the age of 40.”

Why might IBD boost the risk of HZ? “Individuals with IBD may have an increased risk of developing more episodes of herpes zoster due to immune dysregulation,” Dr. Borum said. “Those on immunosuppressants or biologic therapies have greater risk of more frequent and severe complications. It has been speculated that Janus kinase inhibitors may be associated with an increased risk for developing HZ.”

Dr. Borum noted that the study is limited by its size and single-center design. “However, it supports the recommendations that additional research is needed to fully understand the potential impact of HZ on IBD patients.”

The study authors reported no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Borum ML et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Feb 7. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izy393.073.

LAS VEGAS – Herpes zoster infection could pose a special risk for younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are on immunosuppressant or biologic therapies, a new study suggests.

About 3% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients developed herpes zoster (HZ) over a 5-year period at a single center, researchers found, and their average age was 37 years. The mean national age of HZ diagnosis is 59 years, and the latest guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not recommend that people get vaccinated against HZ, or shingles, until age 50.

“Increased efforts should be made to administer herpes zoster vaccine in all eligible IBD patients, and there should be additional research focused on determining whether IBD patients under 50 years old, especially those on immunosuppressants or biologic therapy, would benefit from herpes zoster vaccination,” said gastroenterologist and study coauthor Marie L. Borum, MD, MPH, of George Washington University, Washington. She spoke in an interview before presenting the study findings at the the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress – a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

Dr. Borum and her associates launched the study, published in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, after noticing an increase in HZ cases among patients with IBD. The authors retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of all patients with IBD who were treated at a single center from 2012 to 2017 (n = 393; 55% female; average age, 44 years). Nearly all had ulcerative colitis (71%) or Crohn’s disease (24%).

Over the 5-year period, 11 patients – 5 with ulcerative colitis, 5 with Crohn’s disease, and 1 patient with unspecified colitis – were diagnosed with HZ. All were taking immunosuppressant or biologic medications, and none had been vaccinated against HZ.

The difference in the average age of diagnosis of the infected patients versus the national mean age (37 years vs. 59 years) was statistically significant (P less than .0001).

The IBD patients with HZ often had postherpetic neuralgia, Dr. Borum said.

Previous studies also have linked IBD to higher rates of HZ. A 2018 retrospective study of veterans found that “the incidence rates of herpes zoster in all age groups and all IBD medication subgroups were substantially higher than that in the oldest group of patients without IBD [older than 60 years]” (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Dec;16[12]:1919-27).

In 2017, researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison received a grant to study immunity to the varicella zoster virus in patients with IBD. A university press release said the results “could support recommendations for universal herpes zoster immunization for all IBD patients above the age of 40.”

Why might IBD boost the risk of HZ? “Individuals with IBD may have an increased risk of developing more episodes of herpes zoster due to immune dysregulation,” Dr. Borum said. “Those on immunosuppressants or biologic therapies have greater risk of more frequent and severe complications. It has been speculated that Janus kinase inhibitors may be associated with an increased risk for developing HZ.”

Dr. Borum noted that the study is limited by its size and single-center design. “However, it supports the recommendations that additional research is needed to fully understand the potential impact of HZ on IBD patients.”

The study authors reported no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Borum ML et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Feb 7. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izy393.073.

LAS VEGAS – Herpes zoster infection could pose a special risk for younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are on immunosuppressant or biologic therapies, a new study suggests.

About 3% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients developed herpes zoster (HZ) over a 5-year period at a single center, researchers found, and their average age was 37 years. The mean national age of HZ diagnosis is 59 years, and the latest guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not recommend that people get vaccinated against HZ, or shingles, until age 50.

“Increased efforts should be made to administer herpes zoster vaccine in all eligible IBD patients, and there should be additional research focused on determining whether IBD patients under 50 years old, especially those on immunosuppressants or biologic therapy, would benefit from herpes zoster vaccination,” said gastroenterologist and study coauthor Marie L. Borum, MD, MPH, of George Washington University, Washington. She spoke in an interview before presenting the study findings at the the Crohn’s & Colitis Congress – a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association.

Dr. Borum and her associates launched the study, published in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, after noticing an increase in HZ cases among patients with IBD. The authors retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of all patients with IBD who were treated at a single center from 2012 to 2017 (n = 393; 55% female; average age, 44 years). Nearly all had ulcerative colitis (71%) or Crohn’s disease (24%).

Over the 5-year period, 11 patients – 5 with ulcerative colitis, 5 with Crohn’s disease, and 1 patient with unspecified colitis – were diagnosed with HZ. All were taking immunosuppressant or biologic medications, and none had been vaccinated against HZ.

The difference in the average age of diagnosis of the infected patients versus the national mean age (37 years vs. 59 years) was statistically significant (P less than .0001).

The IBD patients with HZ often had postherpetic neuralgia, Dr. Borum said.

Previous studies also have linked IBD to higher rates of HZ. A 2018 retrospective study of veterans found that “the incidence rates of herpes zoster in all age groups and all IBD medication subgroups were substantially higher than that in the oldest group of patients without IBD [older than 60 years]” (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Dec;16[12]:1919-27).

In 2017, researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison received a grant to study immunity to the varicella zoster virus in patients with IBD. A university press release said the results “could support recommendations for universal herpes zoster immunization for all IBD patients above the age of 40.”

Why might IBD boost the risk of HZ? “Individuals with IBD may have an increased risk of developing more episodes of herpes zoster due to immune dysregulation,” Dr. Borum said. “Those on immunosuppressants or biologic therapies have greater risk of more frequent and severe complications. It has been speculated that Janus kinase inhibitors may be associated with an increased risk for developing HZ.”

Dr. Borum noted that the study is limited by its size and single-center design. “However, it supports the recommendations that additional research is needed to fully understand the potential impact of HZ on IBD patients.”

The study authors reported no relevant disclosures.

SOURCE: Borum ML et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Feb 7. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izy393.073.

A new single-surgeon study suggests that the experience gained from performing more than 60 robot-assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) pulmonary lobectomies could allow surgeons to reach “mastery” and shave about 90 minutes off adjusted operating time.

Master Video/Shutterstock

The findings provide “further support to the adaptation of formalized robotic training and credentialing procedures,” wrote the authors of the retrospective, single-center study, which was presented at the 2018 Academic Surgical Congress and published in Surgery.

According to the study authors, advantages of robotic surgery, compared with thoracoscopic surgery, include “3-dimensional visualization, enhanced maneuverability in small spaces, and the ease of the hilar and mediastinal dissection. Disadvantages include the lack of haptic feedback, increased cost, and increased operative time.”

In the new study, the authors, led by thoracic surgeon Brian N. Arnold, MD, of Yale University, New Haven, Conn., attempted to quantify the learning curve in RATS pulmonary lobectomies by using a more “statistically rigorous” technique than previous studies.

The study tracked 101 of 116 consecutive patients who underwent RATS pulmonary lobectomy at a single unnamed center from 2010 to 2016. Some patients, such as those who underwent a right middle lobectomy that is considered an easier procedure, were excluded. All patients were treated by the same unidentified surgeon.

Researchers identified three phases of the RATS learning curve: cases 1-22, cases 23-63, and cases 64-101.

On average, the patients were aged 69 years; 52% were female. Overall, a third of the patients developed complications.

After controlling for various factors, the researchers found that adjusted operating time and estimated blood loss were statistically different between the first and second phases (P less than .05 and P = .016, respectively). They were also different between the first and third phases (P less than .05 and P = .006, respectively).

Specifically, operating time in the first phase was a mean of 256 minutes versus 195 minutes in the second phase (P = .0002) and 168 minutes in the third phase (P less than .0001). Blood loss was 200 mL (interquartile range, 150-300 mL) in the first phase versus 150 mL (IQR, 75-200 mL; P = .0219) in the second phase and 150 mL (IQR, 100-150 mL; P = .0096) in the third phase.

The researchers found no statistically significant evidence that the surgeon’s growing experience affected length of stay, postoperative complications, chest tube duration, or conversion rate. No patients died within 30 or 90 days.

The researchers also compared operating time, length of stay, and complication rate in the RATS procedures with those in video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomies performed at the same institution from 2008 to 2014. There was only a statistically significant difference in mean operating time (RATS, 319 minutes; VATS, 253 minutes; P less than .001)

The study authors noted that the surgeon had extensive previous experience with VATS procedures. “Therefore, for better or for worse, the results may not apply to surgeons without this experience who move from open surgery to robotic surgery.”

Study funding and disclosures were not reported.

SOURCE: Arnold BN et al. Surgery. 2019 Feb;165(2):450-4.

A new single-surgeon study suggests that the experience gained from performing more than 60 robot-assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) pulmonary lobectomies could allow surgeons to reach “mastery” and shave about 90 minutes off adjusted operating time.

Master Video/Shutterstock

The findings provide “further support to the adaptation of formalized robotic training and credentialing procedures,” wrote the authors of the retrospective, single-center study, which was presented at the 2018 Academic Surgical Congress and published in Surgery.

According to the study authors, advantages of robotic surgery, compared with thoracoscopic surgery, include “3-dimensional visualization, enhanced maneuverability in small spaces, and the ease of the hilar and mediastinal dissection. Disadvantages include the lack of haptic feedback, increased cost, and increased operative time.”

In the new study, the authors, led by thoracic surgeon Brian N. Arnold, MD, of Yale University, New Haven, Conn., attempted to quantify the learning curve in RATS pulmonary lobectomies by using a more “statistically rigorous” technique than previous studies.

The study tracked 101 of 116 consecutive patients who underwent RATS pulmonary lobectomy at a single unnamed center from 2010 to 2016. Some patients, such as those who underwent a right middle lobectomy that is considered an easier procedure, were excluded. All patients were treated by the same unidentified surgeon.

Researchers identified three phases of the RATS learning curve: cases 1-22, cases 23-63, and cases 64-101.

On average, the patients were aged 69 years; 52% were female. Overall, a third of the patients developed complications.

After controlling for various factors, the researchers found that adjusted operating time and estimated blood loss were statistically different between the first and second phases (P less than .05 and P = .016, respectively). They were also different between the first and third phases (P less than .05 and P = .006, respectively).

Specifically, operating time in the first phase was a mean of 256 minutes versus 195 minutes in the second phase (P = .0002) and 168 minutes in the third phase (P less than .0001). Blood loss was 200 mL (interquartile range, 150-300 mL) in the first phase versus 150 mL (IQR, 75-200 mL; P = .0219) in the second phase and 150 mL (IQR, 100-150 mL; P = .0096) in the third phase.

The researchers found no statistically significant evidence that the surgeon’s growing experience affected length of stay, postoperative complications, chest tube duration, or conversion rate. No patients died within 30 or 90 days.

The researchers also compared operating time, length of stay, and complication rate in the RATS procedures with those in video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomies performed at the same institution from 2008 to 2014. There was only a statistically significant difference in mean operating time (RATS, 319 minutes; VATS, 253 minutes; P less than .001)

The study authors noted that the surgeon had extensive previous experience with VATS procedures. “Therefore, for better or for worse, the results may not apply to surgeons without this experience who move from open surgery to robotic surgery.”

Study funding and disclosures were not reported.

SOURCE: Arnold BN et al. Surgery. 2019 Feb;165(2):450-4.

A new single-surgeon study suggests that the experience gained from performing more than 60 robot-assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) pulmonary lobectomies could allow surgeons to reach “mastery” and shave about 90 minutes off adjusted operating time.

Master Video/Shutterstock

The findings provide “further support to the adaptation of formalized robotic training and credentialing procedures,” wrote the authors of the retrospective, single-center study, which was presented at the 2018 Academic Surgical Congress and published in Surgery.

According to the study authors, advantages of robotic surgery, compared with thoracoscopic surgery, include “3-dimensional visualization, enhanced maneuverability in small spaces, and the ease of the hilar and mediastinal dissection. Disadvantages include the lack of haptic feedback, increased cost, and increased operative time.”

In the new study, the authors, led by thoracic surgeon Brian N. Arnold, MD, of Yale University, New Haven, Conn., attempted to quantify the learning curve in RATS pulmonary lobectomies by using a more “statistically rigorous” technique than previous studies.

The study tracked 101 of 116 consecutive patients who underwent RATS pulmonary lobectomy at a single unnamed center from 2010 to 2016. Some patients, such as those who underwent a right middle lobectomy that is considered an easier procedure, were excluded. All patients were treated by the same unidentified surgeon.

Researchers identified three phases of the RATS learning curve: cases 1-22, cases 23-63, and cases 64-101.

On average, the patients were aged 69 years; 52% were female. Overall, a third of the patients developed complications.

After controlling for various factors, the researchers found that adjusted operating time and estimated blood loss were statistically different between the first and second phases (P less than .05 and P = .016, respectively). They were also different between the first and third phases (P less than .05 and P = .006, respectively).

Specifically, operating time in the first phase was a mean of 256 minutes versus 195 minutes in the second phase (P = .0002) and 168 minutes in the third phase (P less than .0001). Blood loss was 200 mL (interquartile range, 150-300 mL) in the first phase versus 150 mL (IQR, 75-200 mL; P = .0219) in the second phase and 150 mL (IQR, 100-150 mL; P = .0096) in the third phase.

The researchers found no statistically significant evidence that the surgeon’s growing experience affected length of stay, postoperative complications, chest tube duration, or conversion rate. No patients died within 30 or 90 days.

The researchers also compared operating time, length of stay, and complication rate in the RATS procedures with those in video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomies performed at the same institution from 2008 to 2014. There was only a statistically significant difference in mean operating time (RATS, 319 minutes; VATS, 253 minutes; P less than .001)

The study authors noted that the surgeon had extensive previous experience with VATS procedures. “Therefore, for better or for worse, the results may not apply to surgeons without this experience who move from open surgery to robotic surgery.”

Study funding and disclosures were not reported.

SOURCE: Arnold BN et al. Surgery. 2019 Feb;165(2):450-4.

LAS VEGAS – While research suggests that vaginal mesh grafts are inappropriate for many prolapse repairs, an obstetrician-gynecologist told colleagues that they’re still a valid tool in the repair procedure known as sacral colpopexy, in which mesh is attached via an abdominal route.

Beri M. Ridgeway, MD, of Cleveland Clinic, spoke about the role of mesh grafts and prolapse repairs at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium.

As Dr. Ridgeway noted, vaginal mesh grafts are controversial because of concerns about their safety. Although many women had favorable outcomes, an unacceptable proportion have experienced complications.

In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration warned that urogynecologic surgical mesh had been linked to 2,874 reports of injuries, deaths, and malfunctions, mostly in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs, over 3 years. The other injuries were in stress urinary incontinence repairs. The report focuses on transvaginal mesh for prolapse and not sacral colpopexy or synthetic midurethral slings, which are considered to have a more favorable risk profile.

The FDA declared that “serious adverse events are NOT rare ... and transvaginally placed mesh in POP repair does NOT conclusively improve clinical outcomes over traditional non-mesh repair.” Subsequently, most companies stopped marketing mesh for transvaginal repair of POP.

Since 2011, research has offered new perspective on the use of mesh in specific POP situations.

“We know that mesh does have some slight improvement in medium-term outcome for subjective and objective symptoms,” Dr. Ridgeway said at the meeting, which was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. “This all comes at a price. There’s more blood loss, and you can actually have prolapse in other compartments and de novo SUI.”

She pointed out that these outcomes were noted in a 2013 Cochrane Review. It found improvements in subjective and objective results after treatment with polypropylene mesh vs. native tissue for anterior compartment POP repairs. But the review found multiple disadvantages for mesh vs. native tissue in operating time, blood loss, and reoperations (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;[4]:CD004014).

In 2016, an updated Cochrane Review declared that “current evidence does not support the use of mesh repair compared with native tissue repair for anterior compartment prolapse owing to increased morbidity.” The review also cautioned that while new light-weight transvaginal meshes are available, they haven’t been fully studied. “Clinicians and women should be cautious when utilizing these products, as their safety and efficacy have not been established,” according to the review (Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2016[11];CD004014).

In a follow-up interview, Dr. Ridgeway said “the data are scarce, so it is hard to have an opinion on this.”

She focused much of her presentation on sacral colpopexy. According to Dr. Ridgeway, sacral colpopexy appears to result in lower rates of mesh complications, compared with transvaginal POP surgery with mesh.

“Compared to native tissue prolapse repair using a vaginal approach, sacral colpopexy does have an increased risk profile but likely is associated with better durability,” she said in the interview. “The long-term outcomes following sacral colpopexy are favorable and the risk profile is acceptably low.”

She prefers the approach for recurrent prolapse and post-hysterectomy prolapse, especially in patients with a shorter vagina. She also offers this procedure for younger patients with significant prolapse and those women who are very active or perform repetitive heavy lifting.

In the interview, she offered these tips about the procedure:

• “Identify pertinent anatomy and set yourself up for success. Restore anatomy, retract the colon if necessary, use angled laparoscopes to optimize visualization, and don’t place the vagina on significant tension.”
• “In cases with unusual anatomy, one must recheck anatomic landmarks because it is critical to avoid the middle sacral artery and left common iliac vein, which is often located close to the midline.”
• “The vagina should be well supported but not on tension. One must communicate with assistants to elevate the vagina but not push it too much. I often demonstrate to the assistant how I like it to be.”
• “In regard to closing the peritoneum over the mesh, I like to make sure this dissection is sufficient at the beginning of the case so this part is not a struggle.”

Dr. Ridgeway discloses consulting for Coloplast and serving as an independent contractor (Legal) for Ethicon.

Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

LAS VEGAS – While research suggests that vaginal mesh grafts are inappropriate for many prolapse repairs, an obstetrician-gynecologist told colleagues that they’re still a valid tool in the repair procedure known as sacral colpopexy, in which mesh is attached via an abdominal route.

Beri M. Ridgeway, MD, of Cleveland Clinic, spoke about the role of mesh grafts and prolapse repairs at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium.

As Dr. Ridgeway noted, vaginal mesh grafts are controversial because of concerns about their safety. Although many women had favorable outcomes, an unacceptable proportion have experienced complications.

In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration warned that urogynecologic surgical mesh had been linked to 2,874 reports of injuries, deaths, and malfunctions, mostly in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs, over 3 years. The other injuries were in stress urinary incontinence repairs. The report focuses on transvaginal mesh for prolapse and not sacral colpopexy or synthetic midurethral slings, which are considered to have a more favorable risk profile.

The FDA declared that “serious adverse events are NOT rare ... and transvaginally placed mesh in POP repair does NOT conclusively improve clinical outcomes over traditional non-mesh repair.” Subsequently, most companies stopped marketing mesh for transvaginal repair of POP.

Since 2011, research has offered new perspective on the use of mesh in specific POP situations.

“We know that mesh does have some slight improvement in medium-term outcome for subjective and objective symptoms,” Dr. Ridgeway said at the meeting, which was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. “This all comes at a price. There’s more blood loss, and you can actually have prolapse in other compartments and de novo SUI.”

She pointed out that these outcomes were noted in a 2013 Cochrane Review. It found improvements in subjective and objective results after treatment with polypropylene mesh vs. native tissue for anterior compartment POP repairs. But the review found multiple disadvantages for mesh vs. native tissue in operating time, blood loss, and reoperations (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;[4]:CD004014).

In 2016, an updated Cochrane Review declared that “current evidence does not support the use of mesh repair compared with native tissue repair for anterior compartment prolapse owing to increased morbidity.” The review also cautioned that while new light-weight transvaginal meshes are available, they haven’t been fully studied. “Clinicians and women should be cautious when utilizing these products, as their safety and efficacy have not been established,” according to the review (Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2016[11];CD004014).

In a follow-up interview, Dr. Ridgeway said “the data are scarce, so it is hard to have an opinion on this.”

She focused much of her presentation on sacral colpopexy. According to Dr. Ridgeway, sacral colpopexy appears to result in lower rates of mesh complications, compared with transvaginal POP surgery with mesh.

“Compared to native tissue prolapse repair using a vaginal approach, sacral colpopexy does have an increased risk profile but likely is associated with better durability,” she said in the interview. “The long-term outcomes following sacral colpopexy are favorable and the risk profile is acceptably low.”

She prefers the approach for recurrent prolapse and post-hysterectomy prolapse, especially in patients with a shorter vagina. She also offers this procedure for younger patients with significant prolapse and those women who are very active or perform repetitive heavy lifting.

In the interview, she offered these tips about the procedure:

• “Identify pertinent anatomy and set yourself up for success. Restore anatomy, retract the colon if necessary, use angled laparoscopes to optimize visualization, and don’t place the vagina on significant tension.”
• “In cases with unusual anatomy, one must recheck anatomic landmarks because it is critical to avoid the middle sacral artery and left common iliac vein, which is often located close to the midline.”
• “The vagina should be well supported but not on tension. One must communicate with assistants to elevate the vagina but not push it too much. I often demonstrate to the assistant how I like it to be.”
• “In regard to closing the peritoneum over the mesh, I like to make sure this dissection is sufficient at the beginning of the case so this part is not a struggle.”

Dr. Ridgeway discloses consulting for Coloplast and serving as an independent contractor (Legal) for Ethicon.

Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

LAS VEGAS – While research suggests that vaginal mesh grafts are inappropriate for many prolapse repairs, an obstetrician-gynecologist told colleagues that they’re still a valid tool in the repair procedure known as sacral colpopexy, in which mesh is attached via an abdominal route.

Beri M. Ridgeway, MD, of Cleveland Clinic, spoke about the role of mesh grafts and prolapse repairs at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium.

As Dr. Ridgeway noted, vaginal mesh grafts are controversial because of concerns about their safety. Although many women had favorable outcomes, an unacceptable proportion have experienced complications.

In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration warned that urogynecologic surgical mesh had been linked to 2,874 reports of injuries, deaths, and malfunctions, mostly in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs, over 3 years. The other injuries were in stress urinary incontinence repairs. The report focuses on transvaginal mesh for prolapse and not sacral colpopexy or synthetic midurethral slings, which are considered to have a more favorable risk profile.

The FDA declared that “serious adverse events are NOT rare ... and transvaginally placed mesh in POP repair does NOT conclusively improve clinical outcomes over traditional non-mesh repair.” Subsequently, most companies stopped marketing mesh for transvaginal repair of POP.

Since 2011, research has offered new perspective on the use of mesh in specific POP situations.

“We know that mesh does have some slight improvement in medium-term outcome for subjective and objective symptoms,” Dr. Ridgeway said at the meeting, which was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. “This all comes at a price. There’s more blood loss, and you can actually have prolapse in other compartments and de novo SUI.”

She pointed out that these outcomes were noted in a 2013 Cochrane Review. It found improvements in subjective and objective results after treatment with polypropylene mesh vs. native tissue for anterior compartment POP repairs. But the review found multiple disadvantages for mesh vs. native tissue in operating time, blood loss, and reoperations (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;[4]:CD004014).

In 2016, an updated Cochrane Review declared that “current evidence does not support the use of mesh repair compared with native tissue repair for anterior compartment prolapse owing to increased morbidity.” The review also cautioned that while new light-weight transvaginal meshes are available, they haven’t been fully studied. “Clinicians and women should be cautious when utilizing these products, as their safety and efficacy have not been established,” according to the review (Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2016[11];CD004014).

In a follow-up interview, Dr. Ridgeway said “the data are scarce, so it is hard to have an opinion on this.”

She focused much of her presentation on sacral colpopexy. According to Dr. Ridgeway, sacral colpopexy appears to result in lower rates of mesh complications, compared with transvaginal POP surgery with mesh.

“Compared to native tissue prolapse repair using a vaginal approach, sacral colpopexy does have an increased risk profile but likely is associated with better durability,” she said in the interview. “The long-term outcomes following sacral colpopexy are favorable and the risk profile is acceptably low.”

She prefers the approach for recurrent prolapse and post-hysterectomy prolapse, especially in patients with a shorter vagina. She also offers this procedure for younger patients with significant prolapse and those women who are very active or perform repetitive heavy lifting.

In the interview, she offered these tips about the procedure:

• “Identify pertinent anatomy and set yourself up for success. Restore anatomy, retract the colon if necessary, use angled laparoscopes to optimize visualization, and don’t place the vagina on significant tension.”
• “In cases with unusual anatomy, one must recheck anatomic landmarks because it is critical to avoid the middle sacral artery and left common iliac vein, which is often located close to the midline.”
• “The vagina should be well supported but not on tension. One must communicate with assistants to elevate the vagina but not push it too much. I often demonstrate to the assistant how I like it to be.”
• “In regard to closing the peritoneum over the mesh, I like to make sure this dissection is sufficient at the beginning of the case so this part is not a struggle.”

Dr. Ridgeway discloses consulting for Coloplast and serving as an independent contractor (Legal) for Ethicon.

Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

LAS VEGAS – A few weeks before she was scheduled to speak at the annual Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium, Beri M. Ridgeway, MD, received an anonymous note about her upcoming presentation. “Someone wanted me to think very carefully about what I’d be talking about during my presentation on synthetics,” she recalled.

Thinkstock

The note reflects the deep controversy over the use of transvaginal synthetic mesh products, which have been linked to a long list of serious adverse effects. “There are women who have been harmed, and I take care of a lot of those,” said Dr. Ridgeway, who’s based at Cleveland Clinic. One key distinction is that there is a very different risk profile between transvaginal synthetic mesh prolapse kits and polypropylene midurethral slings. While it’s important to be thoughtful about the use of mesh in synthetic midurethral (MU) slings, she said, they remain well supported as an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Even so, she said, the news about the risks of mesh “weighs on our patients’ minds” and spawns fear among physicians. Meanwhile, she said, “there is quite a bit of flux” in the marketplace as companies withdraw products because of their perception of risk.

Even amid the controversy, she said, it’s important to remember how crucial it is to treat women in need. “SUI is a very common problem, and women suffer significantly. With our aging population, the prevalence will increase even more,” she said. “It is critical that we screen patients for SUI and have the ability to offer treatment. Having different treatment options benefit women significantly.”

Dr. Ridgeway offered these pearls about the use of synthetic MU slings and alternative approaches to treating SUI.

It’s helpful to find a single strategy and embrace it.

“For ob.gyn. specialists who treat primary, uncomplicated SUI, I recommend surgeons become comfortable with an approach and focus on becoming high-volume surgeons in that approach,” Dr. Ridgeway said. “It is also good to partner with a female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery specialist who can back one up for more complicated cases, complications, or recurrent SUI. These specialists should be able to offer a full array of procedures to treat SUI and tailor the treatment to the individual patient, especially in more complex cases.”

Synthetic MU slings are the “definitive standard of care.”

More than 17 years of research suggest the efficacy of the slings is durable, she said, especially when the goal is to resolve symptoms in patients with pure SUI symptoms. “Nothing in gynecology has been better evaluated than the MU sling,” she said, pointing to more than 500 articles and more than 40 randomized controlled trials.

According to her, synthetic slings have similar efficacy to traditional slings but require less time in the operating room and produce less voiding dysfunction and de novo urgency. “The revision rate of synthetic MU slings is very low,” she added. “In large studies, the revision rate at 10 years is 3%-4%.”

It’s important to keep patient consent in mind, she said. “Patients should know and understand the specific risks of any procedure, including MU slings, so that they can share in decision making.”

Transobdurator (TOT) slings offer benefits.

There’s less risk of bladder and vascular injury from the TOT procedure, which is easy to learn and teach, Dr. Ridgeway said. Research suggests the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) approach is more likely to cause voiding dysfunction, she added.

But TOT is probably less effective in patients with SUI linked to intrinsic sphincter deficiency and in longer-term follow-up, she said. And there are cases of male sex partners injuring their penises during contact with TOT slings during intercourse.

Single-incision slings are up-and-coming options.

These slings offer promising results in short-term studies, but long-term results aren’t available yet. They may be a good option for cases of mild and occult SUI, she said.

Alternative treatments for SUI have limitations.

These include urethral bulking agents, which mainly lead to improvement rather than cure. Autologous fascial pubovaginal slings are another option, especially if patients don’t want a mesh-based treatment or have recurrent SUI following a synthetic mesh complication. However, she noted that research points to morbidity and de novo urinary urgency, she said.

The Pelvic Anatomy & Gynecologic Surgery Symposium was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

Dr. Ridgeway disclosed consulting for Coloplast and having served as an independent contractor (legal) for Ethicon.

LAS VEGAS – A few weeks before she was scheduled to speak at the annual Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium, Beri M. Ridgeway, MD, received an anonymous note about her upcoming presentation. “Someone wanted me to think very carefully about what I’d be talking about during my presentation on synthetics,” she recalled.

Thinkstock

The note reflects the deep controversy over the use of transvaginal synthetic mesh products, which have been linked to a long list of serious adverse effects. “There are women who have been harmed, and I take care of a lot of those,” said Dr. Ridgeway, who’s based at Cleveland Clinic. One key distinction is that there is a very different risk profile between transvaginal synthetic mesh prolapse kits and polypropylene midurethral slings. While it’s important to be thoughtful about the use of mesh in synthetic midurethral (MU) slings, she said, they remain well supported as an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Even so, she said, the news about the risks of mesh “weighs on our patients’ minds” and spawns fear among physicians. Meanwhile, she said, “there is quite a bit of flux” in the marketplace as companies withdraw products because of their perception of risk.

Even amid the controversy, she said, it’s important to remember how crucial it is to treat women in need. “SUI is a very common problem, and women suffer significantly. With our aging population, the prevalence will increase even more,” she said. “It is critical that we screen patients for SUI and have the ability to offer treatment. Having different treatment options benefit women significantly.”

Dr. Ridgeway offered these pearls about the use of synthetic MU slings and alternative approaches to treating SUI.

It’s helpful to find a single strategy and embrace it.

“For ob.gyn. specialists who treat primary, uncomplicated SUI, I recommend surgeons become comfortable with an approach and focus on becoming high-volume surgeons in that approach,” Dr. Ridgeway said. “It is also good to partner with a female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery specialist who can back one up for more complicated cases, complications, or recurrent SUI. These specialists should be able to offer a full array of procedures to treat SUI and tailor the treatment to the individual patient, especially in more complex cases.”

Synthetic MU slings are the “definitive standard of care.”

More than 17 years of research suggest the efficacy of the slings is durable, she said, especially when the goal is to resolve symptoms in patients with pure SUI symptoms. “Nothing in gynecology has been better evaluated than the MU sling,” she said, pointing to more than 500 articles and more than 40 randomized controlled trials.

According to her, synthetic slings have similar efficacy to traditional slings but require less time in the operating room and produce less voiding dysfunction and de novo urgency. “The revision rate of synthetic MU slings is very low,” she added. “In large studies, the revision rate at 10 years is 3%-4%.”

It’s important to keep patient consent in mind, she said. “Patients should know and understand the specific risks of any procedure, including MU slings, so that they can share in decision making.”

Transobdurator (TOT) slings offer benefits.

There’s less risk of bladder and vascular injury from the TOT procedure, which is easy to learn and teach, Dr. Ridgeway said. Research suggests the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) approach is more likely to cause voiding dysfunction, she added.

But TOT is probably less effective in patients with SUI linked to intrinsic sphincter deficiency and in longer-term follow-up, she said. And there are cases of male sex partners injuring their penises during contact with TOT slings during intercourse.

Single-incision slings are up-and-coming options.

These slings offer promising results in short-term studies, but long-term results aren’t available yet. They may be a good option for cases of mild and occult SUI, she said.

Alternative treatments for SUI have limitations.

These include urethral bulking agents, which mainly lead to improvement rather than cure. Autologous fascial pubovaginal slings are another option, especially if patients don’t want a mesh-based treatment or have recurrent SUI following a synthetic mesh complication. However, she noted that research points to morbidity and de novo urinary urgency, she said.

The Pelvic Anatomy & Gynecologic Surgery Symposium was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

Dr. Ridgeway disclosed consulting for Coloplast and having served as an independent contractor (legal) for Ethicon.

LAS VEGAS – A few weeks before she was scheduled to speak at the annual Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium, Beri M. Ridgeway, MD, received an anonymous note about her upcoming presentation. “Someone wanted me to think very carefully about what I’d be talking about during my presentation on synthetics,” she recalled.

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The note reflects the deep controversy over the use of transvaginal synthetic mesh products, which have been linked to a long list of serious adverse effects. “There are women who have been harmed, and I take care of a lot of those,” said Dr. Ridgeway, who’s based at Cleveland Clinic. One key distinction is that there is a very different risk profile between transvaginal synthetic mesh prolapse kits and polypropylene midurethral slings. While it’s important to be thoughtful about the use of mesh in synthetic midurethral (MU) slings, she said, they remain well supported as an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Even so, she said, the news about the risks of mesh “weighs on our patients’ minds” and spawns fear among physicians. Meanwhile, she said, “there is quite a bit of flux” in the marketplace as companies withdraw products because of their perception of risk.

Even amid the controversy, she said, it’s important to remember how crucial it is to treat women in need. “SUI is a very common problem, and women suffer significantly. With our aging population, the prevalence will increase even more,” she said. “It is critical that we screen patients for SUI and have the ability to offer treatment. Having different treatment options benefit women significantly.”

Dr. Ridgeway offered these pearls about the use of synthetic MU slings and alternative approaches to treating SUI.

It’s helpful to find a single strategy and embrace it.

“For ob.gyn. specialists who treat primary, uncomplicated SUI, I recommend surgeons become comfortable with an approach and focus on becoming high-volume surgeons in that approach,” Dr. Ridgeway said. “It is also good to partner with a female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery specialist who can back one up for more complicated cases, complications, or recurrent SUI. These specialists should be able to offer a full array of procedures to treat SUI and tailor the treatment to the individual patient, especially in more complex cases.”

Synthetic MU slings are the “definitive standard of care.”

More than 17 years of research suggest the efficacy of the slings is durable, she said, especially when the goal is to resolve symptoms in patients with pure SUI symptoms. “Nothing in gynecology has been better evaluated than the MU sling,” she said, pointing to more than 500 articles and more than 40 randomized controlled trials.

According to her, synthetic slings have similar efficacy to traditional slings but require less time in the operating room and produce less voiding dysfunction and de novo urgency. “The revision rate of synthetic MU slings is very low,” she added. “In large studies, the revision rate at 10 years is 3%-4%.”

It’s important to keep patient consent in mind, she said. “Patients should know and understand the specific risks of any procedure, including MU slings, so that they can share in decision making.”

Transobdurator (TOT) slings offer benefits.

There’s less risk of bladder and vascular injury from the TOT procedure, which is easy to learn and teach, Dr. Ridgeway said. Research suggests the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) approach is more likely to cause voiding dysfunction, she added.

But TOT is probably less effective in patients with SUI linked to intrinsic sphincter deficiency and in longer-term follow-up, she said. And there are cases of male sex partners injuring their penises during contact with TOT slings during intercourse.

Single-incision slings are up-and-coming options.

These slings offer promising results in short-term studies, but long-term results aren’t available yet. They may be a good option for cases of mild and occult SUI, she said.

Alternative treatments for SUI have limitations.

These include urethral bulking agents, which mainly lead to improvement rather than cure. Autologous fascial pubovaginal slings are another option, especially if patients don’t want a mesh-based treatment or have recurrent SUI following a synthetic mesh complication. However, she noted that research points to morbidity and de novo urinary urgency, she said.

The Pelvic Anatomy & Gynecologic Surgery Symposium was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

Dr. Ridgeway disclosed consulting for Coloplast and having served as an independent contractor (legal) for Ethicon.

SAN DIEGO – There are many potential treatments for fibromyalgia, but a large number of them – NSAIDs, opioids, cannabis and more – come with caveats and nothing beats an old stand-by: physical rehabilitation.

With exercise, “we’re getting the muscles moving, and we’re getting [patients] used to stimulation that will hopefully deaden that pain response over time,” David E.J. Bazzo, MD, said at Pain Care for Primary Care. Still, “it’s going to take multiple things to best treat your patients.”

Fibromyalgia is unique, said Dr. Bazzo, professor of family medicine and public health at the University of California, San Diego. Diagnosis is based on self-reported symptoms since no laboratory tests are available. For diagnostic criteria, he recommends those released by the American College of Rheumatology in 2010 and 2011 and updated in 2016. The criteria, he said, recognize the importance of cognitive symptoms, unrefreshing sleep, fatigue, and certain somatic symptoms (Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46[3]:319-29).

Poor sleep is an especially important problem in fibromyalgia, Dr. Bazzo said, although it’s “a bit of a chicken-and-egg discussion.” It’s not clear which comes first, but “we know that both happen hand-in-hand. We need to work on people’s sleep as one of the primary targets.”

When it comes to treatment, “you have to validate this person’s symptoms and say, ‘Yes, I believe you. I know that you are suffering, and that you’re having pain,’ ” Dr. Bazzo said at the meeting held by the American Pain Society and Global Academy for Medical Education. He advised clinicians to keep in mind conditions that can accompany fibromyalgia, such as depression, that may require other treatment options.

Dr. Bazzo offered advice about these approaches to treatment:

• Exercise. Research supports treadmill and cycle ergometry (BMJ 2002;325:185).
• Opioids. “There’s no convincing evidence that opioids have a role in treating fibromyalgia initially. If you’ve tried everything and patients have had problems, are just not responsive or had side effects, you could consider opioids. But that should be at the tail end of everything because the data is not there,” he said.
• Tramadol. “It’s like an opioid with potential for addiction,” he said. “Don’t just use it willy-nilly. Make sure you have a reason and a good plan. Would it be my first thing? No. Is it something that I keep in my back pocket when other things aren’t working? Perhaps. Would I use it before an opioid? For sure.”
• Second-line therapies. According to Dr. Bazzo, these include antiepileptics such as gabapentin and pregabalin, low-dose cyclobenzaprine, and dual reuptake inhibitors such as duloxetine. There are many other second-line options, he said, from behavioral approaches to yoga to guided physical therapy.
• NSAIDs. Not helpful.
• Cannabis. May interact with other medications.
• Pain clinics. Make sure you refer patients to a pain clinic that embraces a multidisciplinary approach, he said, not one that only offers “pain pills or shots.”

Dr. Bazzo reported no relevant conflicts of interest. The Global Academy for Medical Education and this news organization are owned by the same parent company.

SAN DIEGO – There are many potential treatments for fibromyalgia, but a large number of them – NSAIDs, opioids, cannabis and more – come with caveats and nothing beats an old stand-by: physical rehabilitation.

With exercise, “we’re getting the muscles moving, and we’re getting [patients] used to stimulation that will hopefully deaden that pain response over time,” David E.J. Bazzo, MD, said at Pain Care for Primary Care. Still, “it’s going to take multiple things to best treat your patients.”

Fibromyalgia is unique, said Dr. Bazzo, professor of family medicine and public health at the University of California, San Diego. Diagnosis is based on self-reported symptoms since no laboratory tests are available. For diagnostic criteria, he recommends those released by the American College of Rheumatology in 2010 and 2011 and updated in 2016. The criteria, he said, recognize the importance of cognitive symptoms, unrefreshing sleep, fatigue, and certain somatic symptoms (Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46[3]:319-29).

Poor sleep is an especially important problem in fibromyalgia, Dr. Bazzo said, although it’s “a bit of a chicken-and-egg discussion.” It’s not clear which comes first, but “we know that both happen hand-in-hand. We need to work on people’s sleep as one of the primary targets.”

When it comes to treatment, “you have to validate this person’s symptoms and say, ‘Yes, I believe you. I know that you are suffering, and that you’re having pain,’ ” Dr. Bazzo said at the meeting held by the American Pain Society and Global Academy for Medical Education. He advised clinicians to keep in mind conditions that can accompany fibromyalgia, such as depression, that may require other treatment options.

Dr. Bazzo offered advice about these approaches to treatment:

• Exercise. Research supports treadmill and cycle ergometry (BMJ 2002;325:185).
• Opioids. “There’s no convincing evidence that opioids have a role in treating fibromyalgia initially. If you’ve tried everything and patients have had problems, are just not responsive or had side effects, you could consider opioids. But that should be at the tail end of everything because the data is not there,” he said.
• Tramadol. “It’s like an opioid with potential for addiction,” he said. “Don’t just use it willy-nilly. Make sure you have a reason and a good plan. Would it be my first thing? No. Is it something that I keep in my back pocket when other things aren’t working? Perhaps. Would I use it before an opioid? For sure.”
• Second-line therapies. According to Dr. Bazzo, these include antiepileptics such as gabapentin and pregabalin, low-dose cyclobenzaprine, and dual reuptake inhibitors such as duloxetine. There are many other second-line options, he said, from behavioral approaches to yoga to guided physical therapy.
• NSAIDs. Not helpful.
• Cannabis. May interact with other medications.
• Pain clinics. Make sure you refer patients to a pain clinic that embraces a multidisciplinary approach, he said, not one that only offers “pain pills or shots.”

Dr. Bazzo reported no relevant conflicts of interest. The Global Academy for Medical Education and this news organization are owned by the same parent company.

SAN DIEGO – There are many potential treatments for fibromyalgia, but a large number of them – NSAIDs, opioids, cannabis and more – come with caveats and nothing beats an old stand-by: physical rehabilitation.

With exercise, “we’re getting the muscles moving, and we’re getting [patients] used to stimulation that will hopefully deaden that pain response over time,” David E.J. Bazzo, MD, said at Pain Care for Primary Care. Still, “it’s going to take multiple things to best treat your patients.”

Fibromyalgia is unique, said Dr. Bazzo, professor of family medicine and public health at the University of California, San Diego. Diagnosis is based on self-reported symptoms since no laboratory tests are available. For diagnostic criteria, he recommends those released by the American College of Rheumatology in 2010 and 2011 and updated in 2016. The criteria, he said, recognize the importance of cognitive symptoms, unrefreshing sleep, fatigue, and certain somatic symptoms (Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46[3]:319-29).

Poor sleep is an especially important problem in fibromyalgia, Dr. Bazzo said, although it’s “a bit of a chicken-and-egg discussion.” It’s not clear which comes first, but “we know that both happen hand-in-hand. We need to work on people’s sleep as one of the primary targets.”

When it comes to treatment, “you have to validate this person’s symptoms and say, ‘Yes, I believe you. I know that you are suffering, and that you’re having pain,’ ” Dr. Bazzo said at the meeting held by the American Pain Society and Global Academy for Medical Education. He advised clinicians to keep in mind conditions that can accompany fibromyalgia, such as depression, that may require other treatment options.

Dr. Bazzo offered advice about these approaches to treatment:

• Exercise. Research supports treadmill and cycle ergometry (BMJ 2002;325:185).
• Opioids. “There’s no convincing evidence that opioids have a role in treating fibromyalgia initially. If you’ve tried everything and patients have had problems, are just not responsive or had side effects, you could consider opioids. But that should be at the tail end of everything because the data is not there,” he said.
• Tramadol. “It’s like an opioid with potential for addiction,” he said. “Don’t just use it willy-nilly. Make sure you have a reason and a good plan. Would it be my first thing? No. Is it something that I keep in my back pocket when other things aren’t working? Perhaps. Would I use it before an opioid? For sure.”
• Second-line therapies. According to Dr. Bazzo, these include antiepileptics such as gabapentin and pregabalin, low-dose cyclobenzaprine, and dual reuptake inhibitors such as duloxetine. There are many other second-line options, he said, from behavioral approaches to yoga to guided physical therapy.
• NSAIDs. Not helpful.
• Cannabis. May interact with other medications.
• Pain clinics. Make sure you refer patients to a pain clinic that embraces a multidisciplinary approach, he said, not one that only offers “pain pills or shots.”

Dr. Bazzo reported no relevant conflicts of interest. The Global Academy for Medical Education and this news organization are owned by the same parent company.

LAS VEGAS – Northern California’s Michael S. Baggish, MD, wants more gynecologists to feel comfortable treating disorders of the vulva.

In a presentation at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium, Dr. Baggish ran through some tips about diagnosing and treating vulvar conditions. He discussed routine disorders (such as pubic lice), potentially dangerous disorders (such as lichen sclerosis, an inflammatory skin condition that can develop into squamous cell carcinoma), and rare disorders (such as Behçet’s syndrome, an inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause genital sores, and Fox-Fordyce disease of the vulva, which produces intense itching).

Dr. Baggish, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, who treats patients in the Wine Country town of Saint Helena, elaborated on the treatment of vulvar disease in an interview at the meeting jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company. The following are a few of his tips for gynecologists who want to expand their expertise and treat more patients with vulvar disorders.

• Get training in pathology. “That has made a big difference in my ability to intercept different kinds of vulvar and skin diseases,” he said. “You also need to see a lot of abnormalities so you can recognize the kinds of changes that you’re seeing.”
• Take a closer look with a microscope. “I have an operating microscope like an ophthalmologist would use, and it’s on a stand, not a table,” he said. “It always provides magnification with good light. This is a big advantage because misdiagnoses can be made when you can’t see the lesion well.” He added that he projects what he sees in the microscope onto a monitor so the patient can take a look herself. “I’ve found that very valuable,” he said.
• Be alert for chemical burns. “I’ve seen chemical burns when patients have had fungal infections and treated it with certain topical treatments like gentian violet. Somebody may also get a chemical burn from putting some kind of deodorant on their vulva,” Dr. Baggish said. “If you have a chemical burn, you’ll want to treat it with a cream to cover the lesion until it heals on its own. Silvadene is soothing, and patients find it very comfortable.”
• Get the right kind of biopsy. If you can’t identify a lesion, he said, “it’s better to do a biopsy.” He recommends asking pathologists for a reticulum stain. “It shows the support structure of the underlying tissue in the dermis of the layers of the skin, like the structure of a building before you put the covering on the girders,” he said. “The support structure is broken up in lichen planus [a common inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes and can cause pain and itch]. You see that if you do a reticulum stain.” If a patient has an inflammatory condition, ask for relevant stains, he said. “For example, if there’s a question that this could be a viral disease like herpes simplex, I’m going to ask them to do a stain for viral inclusions,” he said. “Likewise, I will always ask for a stain for fungal particles, for yeast particles. Sometimes I’ll pick up something like an infection I otherwise would have missed.”
• Contact a specialist when needed. If a biopsy doesn’t help you identify a lesion, he said, “seek out an expert in this area who could be helpful.”

A number of gynecologists like Dr. Baggish specialize in vulvar disease, and several medical centers in the United States operate specialized vulvar clinics including Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Saint Louis University.

Dr. Baggish said he had no disclosures.

LAS VEGAS – Northern California’s Michael S. Baggish, MD, wants more gynecologists to feel comfortable treating disorders of the vulva.

In a presentation at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium, Dr. Baggish ran through some tips about diagnosing and treating vulvar conditions. He discussed routine disorders (such as pubic lice), potentially dangerous disorders (such as lichen sclerosis, an inflammatory skin condition that can develop into squamous cell carcinoma), and rare disorders (such as Behçet’s syndrome, an inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause genital sores, and Fox-Fordyce disease of the vulva, which produces intense itching).

Dr. Baggish, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, who treats patients in the Wine Country town of Saint Helena, elaborated on the treatment of vulvar disease in an interview at the meeting jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company. The following are a few of his tips for gynecologists who want to expand their expertise and treat more patients with vulvar disorders.

• Get training in pathology. “That has made a big difference in my ability to intercept different kinds of vulvar and skin diseases,” he said. “You also need to see a lot of abnormalities so you can recognize the kinds of changes that you’re seeing.”
• Take a closer look with a microscope. “I have an operating microscope like an ophthalmologist would use, and it’s on a stand, not a table,” he said. “It always provides magnification with good light. This is a big advantage because misdiagnoses can be made when you can’t see the lesion well.” He added that he projects what he sees in the microscope onto a monitor so the patient can take a look herself. “I’ve found that very valuable,” he said.
• Be alert for chemical burns. “I’ve seen chemical burns when patients have had fungal infections and treated it with certain topical treatments like gentian violet. Somebody may also get a chemical burn from putting some kind of deodorant on their vulva,” Dr. Baggish said. “If you have a chemical burn, you’ll want to treat it with a cream to cover the lesion until it heals on its own. Silvadene is soothing, and patients find it very comfortable.”
• Get the right kind of biopsy. If you can’t identify a lesion, he said, “it’s better to do a biopsy.” He recommends asking pathologists for a reticulum stain. “It shows the support structure of the underlying tissue in the dermis of the layers of the skin, like the structure of a building before you put the covering on the girders,” he said. “The support structure is broken up in lichen planus [a common inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes and can cause pain and itch]. You see that if you do a reticulum stain.” If a patient has an inflammatory condition, ask for relevant stains, he said. “For example, if there’s a question that this could be a viral disease like herpes simplex, I’m going to ask them to do a stain for viral inclusions,” he said. “Likewise, I will always ask for a stain for fungal particles, for yeast particles. Sometimes I’ll pick up something like an infection I otherwise would have missed.”
• Contact a specialist when needed. If a biopsy doesn’t help you identify a lesion, he said, “seek out an expert in this area who could be helpful.”

A number of gynecologists like Dr. Baggish specialize in vulvar disease, and several medical centers in the United States operate specialized vulvar clinics including Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Saint Louis University.

Dr. Baggish said he had no disclosures.

LAS VEGAS – Northern California’s Michael S. Baggish, MD, wants more gynecologists to feel comfortable treating disorders of the vulva.

In a presentation at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium, Dr. Baggish ran through some tips about diagnosing and treating vulvar conditions. He discussed routine disorders (such as pubic lice), potentially dangerous disorders (such as lichen sclerosis, an inflammatory skin condition that can develop into squamous cell carcinoma), and rare disorders (such as Behçet’s syndrome, an inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause genital sores, and Fox-Fordyce disease of the vulva, which produces intense itching).

Dr. Baggish, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, who treats patients in the Wine Country town of Saint Helena, elaborated on the treatment of vulvar disease in an interview at the meeting jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company. The following are a few of his tips for gynecologists who want to expand their expertise and treat more patients with vulvar disorders.

• Get training in pathology. “That has made a big difference in my ability to intercept different kinds of vulvar and skin diseases,” he said. “You also need to see a lot of abnormalities so you can recognize the kinds of changes that you’re seeing.”
• Take a closer look with a microscope. “I have an operating microscope like an ophthalmologist would use, and it’s on a stand, not a table,” he said. “It always provides magnification with good light. This is a big advantage because misdiagnoses can be made when you can’t see the lesion well.” He added that he projects what he sees in the microscope onto a monitor so the patient can take a look herself. “I’ve found that very valuable,” he said.
• Be alert for chemical burns. “I’ve seen chemical burns when patients have had fungal infections and treated it with certain topical treatments like gentian violet. Somebody may also get a chemical burn from putting some kind of deodorant on their vulva,” Dr. Baggish said. “If you have a chemical burn, you’ll want to treat it with a cream to cover the lesion until it heals on its own. Silvadene is soothing, and patients find it very comfortable.”
• Get the right kind of biopsy. If you can’t identify a lesion, he said, “it’s better to do a biopsy.” He recommends asking pathologists for a reticulum stain. “It shows the support structure of the underlying tissue in the dermis of the layers of the skin, like the structure of a building before you put the covering on the girders,” he said. “The support structure is broken up in lichen planus [a common inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes and can cause pain and itch]. You see that if you do a reticulum stain.” If a patient has an inflammatory condition, ask for relevant stains, he said. “For example, if there’s a question that this could be a viral disease like herpes simplex, I’m going to ask them to do a stain for viral inclusions,” he said. “Likewise, I will always ask for a stain for fungal particles, for yeast particles. Sometimes I’ll pick up something like an infection I otherwise would have missed.”
• Contact a specialist when needed. If a biopsy doesn’t help you identify a lesion, he said, “seek out an expert in this area who could be helpful.”

A number of gynecologists like Dr. Baggish specialize in vulvar disease, and several medical centers in the United States operate specialized vulvar clinics including Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Saint Louis University.

Dr. Baggish said he had no disclosures.

LAS VEGAS – Gynecologist Michael S. Baggish, MD, offered tips about diagnosis and treatment of vulvar conditions at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium.

Pubic lice

Treat with malathion 0.5% lotion (Ovide), permethrin 1%-5% (Nix), or lindane 1% (Kwell). Be aware that the U.S. Library of Medicine cautions that lindane can cause serious side effects, and patients should use it only “if there is some reason you cannot use the other medications or if you have tried the other medications and they have not worked.”

Pruritus (itchy skin)

Eliminate possible contact allergens such as soaps, detergents, and undergarments. Swabs with 2% acetic acid solution can assist with general hygiene. It’s important to address secondary infections, and control of diet and stress may be helpful.

Folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles)

A salt water bath can be helpful. Try 2 cups of “Instant Ocean” – a sea salt product for aquariums – in a shallow bath twice daily.

It can be treated with silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) cream (three times daily and at bedtime) or clindamycin (Cleocin) cream (three times daily and at bedtime).

Consider a systemic drug after culture results come back if needed.
 

Lichen sclerosus (a skin inflammation also known as white spot disease)

“I see a lot of lichen sclerosus,” Dr. Baggish said. “Every single practice day, I’m seeing two or three [cases].”

Topical treatments include testosterone cream (which has low efficacy) and topical corticosteroid creams and ointments (the standard treatment).

Other treatments provide better and more consistent results: Etretinate (Tegison), a retinoid that is expensive and can produce serious side effects, and injectable dexamethasone (Decadron), which can stop progression.

Be aware that 10% of patients with this condition may develop squamous cell carcinoma. Monitor for any changes in appearance and biopsy if needed.

Behçet’s disease (a blood vessel inflammation disorder also known as silk road disease)

This rare condition can cause mouth and genital ulcers and uveitis (eye inflammation). For treatment, start 40 mg prednisone for 2-3 days, then 20 mg for 2 days, then 10 mg for 4 days, then stop. Start treatment immediately if there are signs of an oral lesion.

Fox-Fordyce disease (an inflammatory response that blocks sweat ducts and causes intense itching)

Treatment includes estrogen (2.5 mg per day) and tretinoin (Retin-A, apply once daily), usually given together. Suggest that patients try the Instant Ocean salt water treatment in the bath once daily (see details above under folliculitis entry).

Genital warts

Vaporize the warts via laser. “If they look like they’re recurring, I put them on interferon for 3 months because otherwise they just keep recurring,” Dr. Baggish said. “You could put topical treatments on them, but they’ll recur.”

Dr. Baggish, of the University of California, San Francisco, had no relevant financial disclosures. The meeting was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

LAS VEGAS – Gynecologist Michael S. Baggish, MD, offered tips about diagnosis and treatment of vulvar conditions at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium.

Pubic lice

Treat with malathion 0.5% lotion (Ovide), permethrin 1%-5% (Nix), or lindane 1% (Kwell). Be aware that the U.S. Library of Medicine cautions that lindane can cause serious side effects, and patients should use it only “if there is some reason you cannot use the other medications or if you have tried the other medications and they have not worked.”

Pruritus (itchy skin)

Eliminate possible contact allergens such as soaps, detergents, and undergarments. Swabs with 2% acetic acid solution can assist with general hygiene. It’s important to address secondary infections, and control of diet and stress may be helpful.

Folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles)

A salt water bath can be helpful. Try 2 cups of “Instant Ocean” – a sea salt product for aquariums – in a shallow bath twice daily.

It can be treated with silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) cream (three times daily and at bedtime) or clindamycin (Cleocin) cream (three times daily and at bedtime).

Consider a systemic drug after culture results come back if needed.
 

Lichen sclerosus (a skin inflammation also known as white spot disease)

“I see a lot of lichen sclerosus,” Dr. Baggish said. “Every single practice day, I’m seeing two or three [cases].”

Topical treatments include testosterone cream (which has low efficacy) and topical corticosteroid creams and ointments (the standard treatment).

Other treatments provide better and more consistent results: Etretinate (Tegison), a retinoid that is expensive and can produce serious side effects, and injectable dexamethasone (Decadron), which can stop progression.

Be aware that 10% of patients with this condition may develop squamous cell carcinoma. Monitor for any changes in appearance and biopsy if needed.

Behçet’s disease (a blood vessel inflammation disorder also known as silk road disease)

This rare condition can cause mouth and genital ulcers and uveitis (eye inflammation). For treatment, start 40 mg prednisone for 2-3 days, then 20 mg for 2 days, then 10 mg for 4 days, then stop. Start treatment immediately if there are signs of an oral lesion.

Fox-Fordyce disease (an inflammatory response that blocks sweat ducts and causes intense itching)

Treatment includes estrogen (2.5 mg per day) and tretinoin (Retin-A, apply once daily), usually given together. Suggest that patients try the Instant Ocean salt water treatment in the bath once daily (see details above under folliculitis entry).

Genital warts

Vaporize the warts via laser. “If they look like they’re recurring, I put them on interferon for 3 months because otherwise they just keep recurring,” Dr. Baggish said. “You could put topical treatments on them, but they’ll recur.”

Dr. Baggish, of the University of California, San Francisco, had no relevant financial disclosures. The meeting was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.

LAS VEGAS – Gynecologist Michael S. Baggish, MD, offered tips about diagnosis and treatment of vulvar conditions at the Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery Symposium.

Pubic lice

Treat with malathion 0.5% lotion (Ovide), permethrin 1%-5% (Nix), or lindane 1% (Kwell). Be aware that the U.S. Library of Medicine cautions that lindane can cause serious side effects, and patients should use it only “if there is some reason you cannot use the other medications or if you have tried the other medications and they have not worked.”

Pruritus (itchy skin)

Eliminate possible contact allergens such as soaps, detergents, and undergarments. Swabs with 2% acetic acid solution can assist with general hygiene. It’s important to address secondary infections, and control of diet and stress may be helpful.

Folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles)

A salt water bath can be helpful. Try 2 cups of “Instant Ocean” – a sea salt product for aquariums – in a shallow bath twice daily.

It can be treated with silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) cream (three times daily and at bedtime) or clindamycin (Cleocin) cream (three times daily and at bedtime).

Consider a systemic drug after culture results come back if needed.
 

Lichen sclerosus (a skin inflammation also known as white spot disease)

“I see a lot of lichen sclerosus,” Dr. Baggish said. “Every single practice day, I’m seeing two or three [cases].”

Topical treatments include testosterone cream (which has low efficacy) and topical corticosteroid creams and ointments (the standard treatment).

Other treatments provide better and more consistent results: Etretinate (Tegison), a retinoid that is expensive and can produce serious side effects, and injectable dexamethasone (Decadron), which can stop progression.

Be aware that 10% of patients with this condition may develop squamous cell carcinoma. Monitor for any changes in appearance and biopsy if needed.

Behçet’s disease (a blood vessel inflammation disorder also known as silk road disease)

This rare condition can cause mouth and genital ulcers and uveitis (eye inflammation). For treatment, start 40 mg prednisone for 2-3 days, then 20 mg for 2 days, then 10 mg for 4 days, then stop. Start treatment immediately if there are signs of an oral lesion.

Fox-Fordyce disease (an inflammatory response that blocks sweat ducts and causes intense itching)

Treatment includes estrogen (2.5 mg per day) and tretinoin (Retin-A, apply once daily), usually given together. Suggest that patients try the Instant Ocean salt water treatment in the bath once daily (see details above under folliculitis entry).

Genital warts

Vaporize the warts via laser. “If they look like they’re recurring, I put them on interferon for 3 months because otherwise they just keep recurring,” Dr. Baggish said. “You could put topical treatments on them, but they’ll recur.”

Dr. Baggish, of the University of California, San Francisco, had no relevant financial disclosures. The meeting was jointly provided by Global Academy for Medical Education and the University of Cincinnati. Global Academy and this news organization are owned by the same company.